Table 2.
Clinical characteristics of patients with HFrEF and HFmrEF divided by dosing of beta-blocker
| HFrEF | HFmrEF | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| None (n = 229) |
< 5 mg (n = 642) |
≥ 5 mg (n = 631) |
None (n = 95) |
< 5 mg (n = 167) |
≥ 5 mg (n = 156) |
|
| Demographics | ||||||
| Age (years) | 72.6 ± 12.6** | 71.1 ± 13.1 | 68.8 ± 13.3 | 77.2 ± 12.0** | 74.3 ± 11.1 | 71.8 ± 13.3 |
| Male sex [n (%)] | 157 (68.6)* | 454 (70.7) | 486 (77.0) | 54 (56.8)* | 112 (67.1) | 98 (62.8) |
| Co-morbidities | ||||||
| IHD [n (%)] | 129 (56.3) | 356 (55.5) | 362 (57.4) | 44 (46.3) | 98 (58.7) | 86 (55.1) |
| Diabetes mellitus [n (%)] | 60 (26.2)* | 153 (23.8) | 200 (31.7) | 24 (25.3)* | 51 (30.5) | 59 (37.8) |
| COPD [n (%)] | 64 (27.9)** | 104 (16.2) | 56 (8.9) | 30 (31.6)** | 24 (14.4) | 19 (12.2) |
| Observations | ||||||
| SBP (mmHg) | 124.4 ± 21.2 | 121.0 ± 22.2 | 122.1 ± 22.0 | 131.3 ± 22.5 | 132.4 ± 22.3 | 130.8 ± 22.7 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 71.9 ± 11.3 | 70.6 ± 11.3 | 71.6 ± 11.8 | 73.1 ± 12.3 | 72.5 ± 12.4 | 72.6 ± 11.9 |
| Heart rate (beats/min) | 79.2 ± 18.9* | 75.3 ± 18.3 | 75.5 ± 18.6 | 76.2 ± 15.7 | 73.1 ± 15.6 | 74.7 ± 19.1 |
| Echocardiogram | ||||||
| LVEDd (mm) | 57.0 ± 9.3 | 58.3 ± 8.8 | 58.6 ± 8.3 | 47.5 ± 8.5** | 50.4 ± 7.5 | 51.2 ± 7.3 |
| LVEF (%) | 30.8 ± 7.8** | 28.7 ± 8.5 | 29.4 ± 8.0 | 45.1 ± 2.1** | 44.3 ± 1.6 | 44.8 ± 1.7 |
| Blood tests | ||||||
| Haemoglobin (g/L) | 132.3 ± 19.4* | 133.9 ± 18.7 | 134.6 ± 18.7 | 131.7 ± 17.5 | 129.1 ± 20.8 | 131.4 ± 20.1 |
| Creatinine (mmol/L) | 107 (83.3–135.8) | 106 (86–133) | 108 (90.8–133.3) | 99 (77–124) | 107 (83–135) | 99 (80–122) |
| Albumin (g/L) | 41.9 ± 3.7** | 42.6 ± 3.9 | 43.2 ± 3.3 | 42.5 ± 3.7 | 42.3 ± 3.5 | 43.1 ± 2.9 |
IHD ischaemic heart disease, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, NYHA New York Heart Association, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, LVEDd left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, NT-proBNP N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide, HbA1c glycosylated haemoglobin, ACEi angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, ARB angiotensin receptor blocker, MRA mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist
*p < 0.05, **p < 0.005 across three groups