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. 2023 Jan 18;14:288. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-35952-z

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 7 — a FRAP analysis showing that GR diets enhance the membrane fluidity. Intestinal membrane fluidity is measured using control animals expressing membrane incorporated GFP (QC114). Average T_half values (the time when half of maximum recovery is reached) are presented. Error bars indicate SEM. Results from representative experiments are shown with additional repeats (n ≥ 9 for each condition). See also Supplementary Movie 1-2. b, c C-Laurdan staining showing that GR diets promote membrane fluidity in C. elegans. Distribution of the average GP index values are shown from multiple images for AL vs. GR diets (n = 23, 24 respectively) (b). Reduced area under the curve (AUC) values demonstrate that C. elegans on GR diets has more fluidic membrane (P < 0.0001, P value determined by two-tailed Student’s t test). d, e FRAP analysis showing that GR diets enhance the membrane fluidity in an AAK-2a dependent manner. Intestinal membrane fluidity is measured using animals expressing membrane incorporated GFP (QC114) in aak-2(ok524) (d) and aak-2(ok524);aak-2a::gfp animals (e). Average T_half values (the time when half of maximum recovery is reached) are presented. Error bars indicate SEM. Results from representative experiments are shown with additional repeats (n ≥ 8 for each condition). See also Supplementary Movie 3–6. f Lifespan showing that paqr-2 is required for GR-induced longevity. paqr-2(tm3410) completely abolished GR-induced longevity (P = 0.653, P value determined by two-tailed Student’s t test). Results from one of three independent experiments are shown. g, h Lifespans showing that nhr-49 (gof) mutations, et7 (g) and et13 (h), in paqr-2(tm3410) animals gain the GR-mediated longevity (P < 1.0 × 10⁻¹⁰, P value determined by two-tailed Student’s t test). Results from representative experiments are shown with additional repeats. i Model showing that GR prolongs longevity non-cell autonomously by promoting membrane fluidity through neuronal AMPK/neuropeptide/PAQR-2/NHR-49/Δ9 desaturase. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.