Table 3.
Changes in crude intakes of energy, nutrients and food groups from baseline for female cancer survivors compared with female controls (n = 39,549).
| Cancer-free controls (n = 38,903) | All cancers (n = 646) | Colorectal cancer (n = 134) | Gastric cancer (n = 91) | Breast cancer (n = 158) | Other cancers (n = 263) | Pb | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline median | Change from baseline | Baseline median | Change from baseline | Pa | Baseline median | Change from baseline | Baseline median | Change from baseline | Baseline median | Change from baseline | Baseline median | Change from baseline | ||||||||||
| median | IQR | median | IQR | median | IQR | median | IQR | median | IQR | median | IQR | |||||||||||
| Energy and nutrients | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Energy (kcal/d) | 1800 | − 72 | (− 422–278)* | 1788 | − 90 | (− 421–255)* | 0.69 | 1779 | − 25 | (− 322–365) | 1851 | − 283 | (− 542–161)* | 1820 | 3 | (− 317–268) | 1757 | − 109 | (− 444–226)* | 0.04 | ||
| Sodium (mg/d) | 4496 | − 257 | (− 1464–904)* | 4559 | − 173 | (− 1408–1060) | 0.18 | 4658 | − 14 | (− 1212–1442) | 4741 | − 431 | (− 1953–905) | 4226 | − 105 | (− 1123–1201) | 4565 | − 296 | (− 1448–938) | 0.07 | ||
| Ethanol (g/d) | 0.0 | 0.0 | (0.0–0.0)* | 0.0 | 0.0 | (0.0–0.0) | 0.11 | 0.0 | 0.0 | (0.0–0.0) | 0.0 | 0.0 | (0.0–0.0) | 0.0 | 0.0 | (0.0–0.0) | 0.0 | 0.0 | (0.0–0.0) | 0.47 | ||
| Food groups (g/day) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Grains | 486.1 | − 18.0 | (− 111.1–60.3)* | 486.7 | − 34.2 | (− 131.4–39.8)* | < 0.01 | 486.5 | − 15.9 | (− 106.1–51.7) | 489.4 | − 94.7 | (− 220.7–59.2)* | 492.6 | − 25.8 | (− 131.0–32.5)* | 480.9 | − 26.9 | (− 131.1–36)* | < 0.01 | ||
| Rice | 367.5 | 0.0 | (− 53.9–63.2)* | 420.0 | − 3.3 | (− 90.0–26.8)* | < 0.01 | 420.0 | − 1.7 | (− 60.0–25.0) | 420.0 | − 19.9 | (− 140.0–31.7)* | 331.4 | − 3.3 | (− 60.7–39.6) | 420.0 | − 2.3 | (− 64.0–18.0) | < 0.01 | ||
| Soy products | 35.1 | 0.2 | (− 16.0–22.4)* | 36.3 | 0.0 | (− 20.1–23.8) | 0.50 | 35.4 | 4.8 | (− 17.9–35.0) | 43.3 | − 5.5 | (− 30.0–20.7) | 36.0 | 5.6 | (− 13.8–32.3)* | 35.7 | − 1.6 | (− 20.6–17.1) | 0.01 | ||
| Miso soup | 176.8 | 0.0 | (− 75.0–42.9)* | 225.0 | 0.0 | (− 75.0–42.9) | 0.79 | 225.0 | 0.0 | (− 75.0–56.3) | 225.0 | 0.0 | (− 85.7–75.0) | 150.0 | 0.0 | (− 75.0–50.9) | 225.0 | 0.0 | (− 64.3–37.5) | 0.78 | ||
| Vegetables | 205.5 | 15.5 | (− 63.6–102.9)* | 201.4 | 27.3 | (− 45.9–124.7)* | <0 .01 | 196.6 | 29.3 | (− 43.6–127.5) | 248.4 | 21.6 | (− 73.5–98.1) | 192.6 | 30.7 | (− 37.5–144.5)* | 202.2 | 22.1 | (− 49.1–121.9)* | 0.02 | ||
| Pickled vegetables | 23.4 | 0.0 | (− 13.5–14.8)* | 25.6 | 0.0 | (− 15.4–17.1) | 0.72 | 24.9 | 4.4 | (− 19.0–25.5) | 35.7 | − 4.4 | (− 29.6–19.8) | 23.2 | 0.8 | (− 12.2–15.2) | 24.8 | − 0.2 | (− 13.0–15.6) | 0.58 | ||
| Fruit | 207.1 | − 15.6 | (− 110.8–79.4)* | 210.1 | − 15.3 | (− 118.4–90.0) | 0.70 | 204.5 | 15.2 | (− 110.9–114.1) | 250.8 | − 26.1 | (− 131.5–120.4) | 220.3 | − 24.2 | (− 122.8–91.0) | 196.9 | − 19.4 | (− 124.2–79.7) | 0.65 | ||
| Fish and shellfish | 77.6 | − 13.5 | (− 44.8–16.2)* | 76.3 | − 12.1 | (− 45.4–15.3)* | 0.77 | 78.5 | − 12.5 | (− 39.8–16.2) | 81.7 | − 24.4 | (− 63.6–9.8)* | 72.0 | − 9.5 | (− 40.2–16.8)* | 73.7 | − 7.8 | (− 45.9–16.4)* | 0.33 | ||
| Salty fish | 15.2 | − 1.3 | (− 11.1–4.7)* | 15.0 | − 1.7 | (− 11.2–2.5)* | 0.16 | 19.5 | − 1.0 | (− 12.5–4.3) | 13.5 | − 4.7 | (− 19.5–0.0)* | 14.1 | − 1.4 | (− 9.0–2.5)* | 13.0 | − 1.5 | (− 11.0–2.7)* | 0.11 | ||
| Meat | 46.7 | − 2.6 | (− 26.0–24.2)* | 46.7 | -3.0 | (− 26.8–22.2) | 0.61 | 45.1 | 0.5 | (− 25.4–24.7) | 47.1 | − 8.7 | (− 34.8–12.7) | 48.4 | − 5.4 | (− 25.4–31.4) | 44.6 | − 3.3 | (− 26.0–20.8) | 0.43 | ||
| Unprocessed red meat | 32.1 | − 6.0 | (− 24.4–9.9)* | 31.7 | − 7.0 | (− 25.8–8.2)* | 0.41 | 30.2 | − 4.8 | (− 19.4–10.9) | 32.4 | − 9.3 | (− 29.7–3.9)* | 32.9 | − 9.0 | (− 26.6–11.3)* | 31.4 | − 6.7 | (− 24.9–6.3)* | 0.60 | ||
| Processed meat | 3.8 | − 0.7 | (− 3.8–1.6)* | 3.5 | − 0.6 | (− 3.5–1.5)* | 0.75 | 4.3 | − 1.0 | (− 4.6–1.9) | 3.2 | − 0.5 | (− 4.4–1.2)* | 3.8 | − 0.9 | (− 3.5–1.0)* | 3.3 | − 0.2 | (− 3.3–2.2) | 0.60 | ||
| Milk and dairy products | 176.5 | − 1.5 | (− 81.4–68.1)* | 193.2 | 0.0 | (− 85.2–86.7) | 0.25 | 200.0 | 30.4 | (− 57.1–120.7) | 200.0 | − 14.1 | (− 121.8–96.8) | 192.7 | 5.3 | (− 60.3–88.5) | 180.4 | − 2.8 | (− 92.6–63.2) | 0.08 | ||
| Green tea | 300.0 | 0.0 | (− 120.0–180.0)* | 300.0 | 0.0 | (− 180.0–205.7) | 0.88 | 300.0 | 0.0 | (0.0–300.0) | 300.0 | 0.0 | (− 300.0–274.3) | 300.0 | 0.0 | (− 180.0–274.3) | 300.0 | 0.0 | (− 180.0–120.0) | 0.12 | ||
| Coffee | 79.3 | 0.0 | (− 53.6–25.7)* | 60.0 | 0.0 | (− 53.6–0.0)* | 0.11 | 25.7 | 0.0 | (− 53.6–0.0) | 25.7 | 0.0 | (− 60.0–0.0) | 79.3 | 0.0 | (− 53.6–25.7) | 25.7 | 0.0 | (− 53.6–0.0) | 0.52 | ||
| Soft drinks | 0.0 | 0.0 | (− 42.9–0.0)* | 0.0 | 0.0 | (− 42.9–0.0)* | 0.32 | 0.0 | 0.0 | (− 42.9–0.0) | 0.0 | 0.0 | (− 42.9–0.0) | 0.0 | 0.0 | (− 42.9–0.0)* | 0.0 | 0.0 | (− 42.9–0.0)* | 0.34 | ||
IQR Interquartile range
*Statistical significance was set at P < .01 and the Wilcoxon signed − rank test was used to determine the significance of differences in intake between the baseline and follow-up surveys.
aThe Mann–Whitney U − test was used for the difference in change between cancer-free male controls and survivors of all cancers, bThe Kruskal − Wallis test was used for the comparison of the change among cancer-free female controls and survivors of specific cancer types. Statistical significance was set at P < .01 for both test.
Significant values are in [bold]