Table 2.
Time of most recent common ancestor (TMRCA) of novel haplogroups and their origins.
| Temptative local names of Novel Haplogroups | TMRCA (kya) estimated from this study and literature complete mtDNA dataset (Table 1) | Number of complete mtDNA genomes observed in this clade (This study) | Number of partial mtDNA lineages (this study and literature data set) | Hapllogroups exclusive to NAN_Tw | Main location | Temptative origin | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A20_16148 | 1 (0.1; 2.1) | 2 | 7 | Exclusive | Changhua, Yunlin | NorthEast China |
| 2 | B4a_16234 | 0.7(0; 1.7) | 1 | 6 | Exclusive | Kaohsiung | East Coast China (Fujian) |
| 3 | B4c1b2b_16305 | 3.2 (−0.1; 6.7) | 1 | 9 | Exclusive | Ur_Tw | MSEA/Taiwan |
| 4 | B4c1b2c1_16280 | 2.6 (−1.2; 3.8) | 1 | 2 | Exclusive | Changhua | MSEA/Taiwan |
| 5 | B4c1b2c2_10250 | na < 8.84 (5;12) | 1 | 3 | Exclusive | Kaohsiung | East Coast China (Fujian), MSEA/ ISEA |
| 6 | B4h1_10581 | na < 9 (5;12) | 1 | 7 | Exclusive | Changhua | East Coast China (Fujian), MSEA |
| 7 | C7a_10310 | 8.8 (5.3; 12.4) | 1 | 8 | Exclusive | Ur_Tw | China/MSEA |
| 8 | D4a3b_16294 | 7.8 (1; 15.9) | 1 | 4 | Exclusive | Ur_Tw | East Coast China (Fujian) |
| 9 | D4b1b2_16380 | 3.2 (−0.1; 6.7) | 2 | 5 | Exclusive | Ur_Tw, Green Island | NorthEast China/Japan |
| 10 | D4b2b2b_16274 | 4.3 (0.5; 8.2) | 1 | 2 | Exclusive | Yunlin | NorthEast China/Japan |
| 11 | D4b2b_10310 | 7.8 (1; 15.9) | 1 | 2E | Exclusive | Yunlin | China/Japan |
| 12 | D5a2a1b1_16293 | 2.6 (−0.3; 5.6) | 1 | 11 | Exclusive | Penghu Island | NorthEast China/Japan |
| 13 | D5b1b2_16249 | 2.6 (0.6; 4.6) | 1 | 2 | Exclusive | Yunlin | China/MSEA |
| 14 | F1a1_8589 | 2.6 (−1.2; 6.4) | 1 | 4 | Exclusive | Papura | East Coast China (Fujian)/MSEA |
| 15 | F2_10313 | 2.2 (0.3; 4.1) | 1 | 6 | Exclusive | Changhua | East Coast China (Fujian)/MSEA |
| 16 | F2_8264 | 4.6 (0; 9.3) | 1 | 10 | Exclusive | Yilan | East Coast China (Fujian)/MSEA |
| 17 | F4a2_16243 | 6.7 (2.4; 11.2) | 1 | 2 | Exclusive | Penghu | NorthEast China |
| 18 | F4b1_8665 | 4.5 (1.8; 7.2) | 1 | 1 | Exclusive | Changhua | Fujian, AN_Tw, ISEA |
| 19 | M7b1a1_11659 | na < 10.3 (7.3; 13.4) | 1 | 1 | Exclusive | Green Island | East Coast China (Fujian) |
| 20 | M7b1a1a1b_16162 | na <3.6 (0.6; 6.8) | 1 | 4 | Exclusive | Kaohsiung | China/MSEA |
| 21 | M7b1a1a_8406 | 1.9 (−0.9; 4.8) | 1 | 3 | Exclusive | Kaohsiung | China/MSEA |
| 22 | M7b2a_8389 | 2.6 (−0.5; 5.7) | 1 | 5 | Exclusive | Yilan | East Coast China/MSEA/ISEA |
| 23 | M7c1a3a_469 | 2.6 (-1; 6.2) | 3 | 3 | vxclusive | Changhua, Yilan, Yunlin | NorthEast China/Japan |
| 24 | M7c1a3a_1664 | na < 5 (2.4; 7.8) | 1 | 1 | Exclusive | Matsu | NorthEast China/Japan |
| 25 | M7c1a3_3027 | 1.9 (−0.3; 4.2) | 2 | 2 | Exclusive | Ur_Tw, Chiayi | NorthEast China/Japan |
| 26 | M7c1a4a_16173 | 3.7 (1.2; 6.3) | 2 | 11 | Exclusive | Penghu Island, Miaoli | China/ISEA |
| 27 | M7c1a4b(16295 < -) | 5.2 (−0.2; 10.8) | 1 | 6 | Exclusive | Ur_Tw | AN_Tw |
| 28 | M8a2_8503 | 1.3 (−1.2; 3.8) | 1 | 3 | Exclusive | Yunlin | China |
| 29 | M8a2a1_8410 | 1.7 (−1.6; 5.1) | 1 | 3 | Exclusive | Yilan | China |
| 30 | N10_10586 | 1.3 (−1.2; 3.8) | 1 | 2 | Exclusive | Chiayi | ISEA |
| 31 | Z4_16248 | 1.3 (−1.2; 3.8) | 1 | 5 | Exclusive | Yunlin | NorthEast China (Fujian) |
| 32 | B4a5_8730 | 1.0 (0; 3.3) | 1 | 2 | Yunlin | East Coast China (Fujian) | |
| 33 | B4b1a2a_16309 | 4.8 (0.3; 9.3) | 1 | 28 | Changhua | MSEA, East Coast China (Fujian) | |
| 34 | B4c1b2a_16242 | 3.8 (−0.1; 6.7) | 2 | 15 | Changhua | East Coast China (Fujian), MSEA/ ISEA | |
| 35 | B5a_16260/274 | 4.3 (−0.2; 9) | 1 | 8 | Ur_Tw | East Coast China (Fujian), MSEA, ISEA | |
| 36 | B6a1a_16051 | 15.0 (7;23) | 1 | 6 | Kinmen | East Coast China (Fujian)/ ISEA/MSEA | |
| 37 | D4a3b2_16278 | 1.6 (0.3; 3) | 2 | 55 | Ur_Tw, Yunlin | East Coast China (Fujian) | |
| 38 | F1a1_10463 | 8.9 (3.3; 14.7) | 1 | 21 | Changhua | East Coast China (Fujian)/MSEA | |
| 39 | F1a1_8265 | na < 12.2 (5; 19.7) | 1 | 1 | Matsu | East Coast China (Fujian) | |
| 40 | F1a1a_16311 | 7 (0.7; 13.6) | 2 | 18 | Ur_Tw, Matsu | East Coast China (Fujian)/MSEA | |
| 41 | F1a3b | 10.8 (3.6; 18.3) | 1 | 38 | Kaohsiung | East Coast China (Fujian) | |
| 42 | F1a_10604 | 8.3 (4.5; 12.2) | 1 | 19 | Ur_Tw | NorthEast China | |
| 43 | F2a1_16318 | 2.6 (0.6; 4.6) | 1 | 18 | Matsu | East Coast China (Fujian) | |
| 44 | F2b1 | 1.3 (−1.2; 3.8) | 1 | 45 | Kinmen | East Coast China (Fujian)/MSEA | |
| 45 | M7b1a1f | 10.3 (7.3; 13.4) | 1 | 65 | Yunlin | East Coast China (Fujian)/MSEA | |
| 46 | M7b1a1h_16400 | na < 7.9 (2.7; 13.3) | 1 | 13 | Chiayi | East Coast China (Fujian)/MSEA | |
| 47 | M7c1_16104 | na | 1 | 2 | Yunlin | East Coast China/MSEA/ISEA | |
| 48 | M7c1a1a_9833 | 2.6 (−1; 6.2) | 1 | 4 | Matsu | South China/Japan | |
| 49 | M7b1a1_12361 | na < 10.3 (7.3; 13.4) | 1 | 1 | Green Island | China/Japan/MSEA | |
| 50 | M7c1b2b_8404 | 3.2 (0.4; 6.1) | 1 | 14 | Matsu | East Coast China (Fujian) | |
| 51 | M8a2a1_16390 | 7.2 (3.4; 11.1) | 1 | 18 | Ur_Tw | MSEA | |
| 52 | M8a2a1_8245 | 1.3 (−1.2; 3.8) | 2 | 14 | Yilan, Penghu Island | East Coast China (Fujian) | |
| 53 | M10_16256a | 1.7 (−0.7; 4.1) | 1 | 15 | Yilan | MSEA/Vietnam | |
| 54 | M10a1a_10245 | 6.5 (2.3; 10.9) | 4 | 49 | Ur_Tw, Yilan, Yunlin, Penghu Island | China | |
| 55 | M74b_10648a | 8.6 (2.3; 15) | 1 | 2 | Ur_Tw | West Indonesia/MSEA | |
| 56 | N9a3_10321 | 2.6 (0.5; 4.7) | 3 | 15 | Matsu, Penghu Island, Yunlin | East Coast China (Fujian), South China | |
| 57 | N9a4b1_16091 | 5.7 (1.9; 9.5) | 1 | 5 | Yilan | North and South China | |
| 58 | N9a9_16390 | 6.5 (0.8; 12.5) | 2 | 11 | Green Island | NorthEast China, Japan | |
| 59 | R9b1a2b_16239 | na < 11.5 (5.7; 17.6) | 1 | 3 | Ur_Tw | East Coast China (Fujian)/MSEA | |
| 60 | R9b1a3 | 29,6 ± 9.9 | 1 | 16 | Yunlin | NorthEast China/MSEA | |
| 61 | R9c_10403 | 6.7 (1.3; 12.2) | 2 | 8 | Yunlin | East Coast China (Fujian)/MSEA/ISEA | |
| 62 | Y1b1 | 3.6 (0.6; 6.8) | 1 | 3 | Matsu | China |
Haplougroups followed by an “underlign” and a variant mutation are novel haplogroups/lineages (i.e. not reported in Phylotree 17).
TMRCA Time of most recent common ancestor, kya Thousand years, na Not applicable (not enough lineagse to estimate age).
areported in other studies but not in Phylotree 17.