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. 2023 Jan 5;13:1068399. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1068399

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Copyright © 2023 Julé, Lam, Taylor, Hoyt, Wei, Gutierrez-Arcelus, Case, Chandler, Chang, Cohen, Dedeoglu, Halyabar, Hausmann, Hazen, Janssen, Lo, Lo, Meidan, Roberts, Wobma, Son, Sundel, Lee, Sage, Chatila, Nigrovic, Rao and Henderson

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Tph cells in oligo JIA synovial fluid promote the differentiation of memory B cells into plasmablasts. (A) Representative flow staining of memory B (Bmem) cell populations, gated on total CD19⁺ B cells. (B) Percent of switched (CD27⁺IgD^-) and unswitched (CD27⁺IgD⁺) Bmem among CD19⁺ B cells in the SF of oligo JIA patients (ANA^-: n=7, ANA⁺: n=7, blue circles) and in the PB of adult controls (n=6, black circles). (C) Representative flow staining of CD38^hiCD27⁺ plasmablasts, gated on total CD19⁺ B cells. (D) Percent of plasmablasts (CD38^hiCD27⁺) among CD19⁺ B cells in the SF of oligo JIA patients (ANA^-: n=7, ANA⁺: n=7) and in the PB of adult controls (n=6). (E) Percent of transitional B cells (CD38^hiCD24⁺) among CD19⁺ B cells in the SF of oligo JIA patients (ANA^-: n=7, ANA⁺: n=7) and in the PB of adult controls (n=6). (F) Representative flow staining of classical and CD21^lo B cell populations, gated on total CD19⁺ B cells. (G) Percent of classical (CD38⁺CD21⁺) and CD21^lo B cells among CD19⁺ B cells in the SF of oligo JIA patients (ANA^-: n=7, ANA⁺: n=7), and in the PB of adult controls (n=6). (H) Representative staining of a co-culture of the indicated population of oligo JIA SF CD4⁺ T cells with PB Bmem cells from a third party control after 5 days of incubation in the presence of SEB (1 μg/mL), gated on total CD19⁺ B cells. (I) Percent of plasmablasts (CD38^hiCD27⁺) among CD19⁺ B cells in co-cultures with the corresponding SF CD4⁺ T cell population (3 independent experiments). (J) Concentration of IgG detected in the supernatant of B cell co-cultured with the corresponding SF CD4⁺ T cell population (3 independent experiments). Oligo JIA, oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis; PB, peripheral blood; SF, synovial fluid; ANA, antinuclear antibody; Tph, T peripheral helper cell; SEB, staphylococcal enterotoxin (B) Summary data on bar graphs are mean ± standard error. P-value <0.05 (*); <0.01 (**), <0.001 (***), <0.0001 (****). Statistical testing: one-way ANOVA followed by multiple t-tests with Turkey correction.