Table 1.
Researches of treatment options for improving endometrial receptivity of patients with recurrent implantation failure.
| Treatment | Year of publication | Number of patients | Age of patients | Number of implantation failure patient experienced | Type of IVF-ET cycle | Approach | Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intrauterine infusion of PBMCs | 2016 (226) | 198 | Less than 35 years old | Three or more IVF-ET failure | Fresh ET cycle | PBMCs cultured with hCG for 24 h; intrauterine infusion |
IR, CPR and LBR improved |
| 2006 (229) | 35 | Unknown | Four or more IVF-ET failure | Fresh ET cycle | PBMCs cultured with hCG for 48 h; intrauterine infusion 3 days before fresh ET | IR, CPR, LBR improved | |
| 2017 (230) | 216 | Unknown | Three or more IVF-ET failure | Frozen/thawed ET cycle | PBMCs cultured with hCG for 24 h; intrauterine infusion day before frozen/thawed ET |
IR, CPR, LBR improved in four or more IVF-ET failure group | |
|
Intrauterine infusion
of PRP |
2022 (231) | 85 | Age 24 to 52 years old | Unknown | Frozen/thawed ET cycle | Administration of the PRP in day 10-15 of frozen/thawed ET cycles |
BPR, CPR and LBR improved, SAR decreased, endometrial thickness increased |
| 2021 (232) | 98 | Age 20 to 40 years old | Three or more high-quality frozen-thawed embryo transfers failure | Frozen/thawed ET cycle | Intrauterine infusion of PRP 2 days before frozen/thawed ET |
IR, CPR and OPR improved | |
| 2022 (233) | 288 | Aged 23 to 40 years old | Three or more consecutive implantation failure of at least 6 cleavage-stage embryos or three blastocysts | Frozen/thawed ET cycle | Intrauterine infusion of PRP 2 days before ET |
BPR, IR, CPR, LBR improved | |
|
Subcutaneous
administered G-CSF |
2016 (234) | 112 | Less than 40 years old | Three or more consecutive implantation failure with three high-grade quality embryos per cycle | Fresh ET cycle | 300µg of subcutaneous G-CSF administered 1 h before fresh ET |
BPR, IR and CPR improved |
| 2011 (235) | 89 | Less than 39 years old | Three previous IVF-ET failure with at least 7 good embryos | Fresh ET cycle | 1.5 mg/kg/daily of subcutaneous G-CSF from the day of fresh ET to day of pregnancy test; if positive, continued for 40 days | CPR improved | |
| Endometrial scratch | 2022 (236) | 933 | Age 18 to 44 years old | One previous IVF-ET failure | Fresh ET cycle | Endometrial scratch at 5–10 days before the expected menstrual | LBR improved |
| 2012 (237) | 200 | Less than 39 years old | Two or more previous ICSI cycle failure | Fresh ET cycle | Endometrial scratch at Day 4-7 in the menstrual cycle before ET cycle | IR, CPR and LBR improved |
PBMCs, peripheral blood mononuclear cells; PRP, platelet-rich plasma; G-CSF, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor; IVF-ET, in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer; hCG, human chorionic gonadotropin; IR, implantation rate; CPR, clinical pregnancy rate; LBR, live birth rate; OPR, ongoing pregnancy rate; BPR, biochemical pregnancy rate; SAR, rate of spontaneous abortion; ICSI, intracytoplasmic sperm injection.