Table 1.
Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among Enterococcus spp. clinical isolates from dogs stratified by species, from canine clinical infections at the Cornell University Animal Health Diagnostic Center (AHDC), 2007–2020.
| Antimicrobial categoryb | Antimicrobial agent | All enterococci | Enterococcus faecalis | Enterococcus faecium | Enterococcus avium | Enterococcus canintestini | Enterococcus durans | Enterococcus casseliflavus | Enterococcus gallinarum | Enterococcus hirae | Other Enterococcus spp. (T = 193) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (T = 3,659) | (T = 2,454) | (T = 748) | (T = 68) | (T = 61) | (T = 40) | (T = 38) | (T = 29) | (T = 28) | |||||||||||||
| N | %R | N | %R | N | %R | N | %R | N | %R | N | %R | N | %R | N | %R | N | %R | N | %R | ||
| Penicillins (PEN) | Ampicillin | 3436 | 13 | 2373 | 0.7 | 639 | 63.2 | 65 | 6.2 | 59 | 1.7 | 38 | 15.8 | 34 | 2.9 | 28 | 0 | 28 | 0 | 172 | 7 |
| Penicillin G | 2327 | 16.5 | 1560 | 1 | 505 | 68.5 | 48 | 2.1 | 23 | 4.3 | 24 | 16.7 | 26 | 0 | 17 | 0 | 14 | 0 | 110 | 15.5 | |
| Glycopeptides (GLY) | Vancomycin | 967a | 7.4 | 592 | 0.3 | 249 | 0.8 | 16 | 0 | 19 | 5.3 | 1 | 0 | 38a | 100 | 29a | 100 | 10 | 0 | 13 | 0 |
| Aminoglycosides (AMG) | Gentamicinc | 936 | - | 621 | - | 201 | - | 14 | - | 23 | - | 9 | - | 12 | - | 8 | - | 9 | - | 39 | - |
| Tetracyclines (TET) | Tetracycline | 2013 | 31.1 | 1421 | 25.8 | 355 | 52.1 | 33 | 45.5 | 35 | 14.3 | 19 | 42.1 | 20 | 10 | 19 | 26.3 | 16 | 62.5 | 95 | 69.5 |
| Doxycycline | 1689 | 25.6 | 1155 | 22.8 | 317 | 39.1 | 39 | 30.8 | 21 | 0 | 17 | 23.5 | 28 | 0 | 15 | 26.7 | 8 | 37.5 | 89 | 75.3 | |
| Macrolides (ERY) | Erythromycin | 2357 | 72.7 | 1578 | 71.8 | 510 | 91 | 50 | 16 | 24 | 62.5 | 24 | 37.5 | 30 | 83.3 | 17 | 23.5 | 14 | 7.1 | 110 | 49.1 |
| Phenicols (CHL) | Chloramphenicol | 2358 | 7.3 | 1576 | 6.5 | 512 | 11.5 | 50 | 2 | 25 | 4 | 24 | 8.3 | 30 | 3.3 | 17 | 11.8 | 15 | 0 | 109 | 2.8 |
| Fluoroquinolones (FQ) | Enrofloxacind | 3571 | 73.3 | 2418 | 68.5 | 736 | 93.1 | 66 | 90.9 | 45 | 46.7 | 38 | 50 | 34 | 91.2 | 29 | 86.2 | 28 | 35.7 | 177 | 61.6 |
| Ansamycins (RIF) | Rifampin | 2325 | 68.1 | 1559 | 72.5 | 505 | 74.7 | 48 | 12.5 | 23 | 4.3 | 24 | 29.2 | 26 | 76.9 | 17 | 41.2 | 14 | 21.4 | 109 | 30.3 |
| Nitrofurans (FUR) | Nitrofurantoine | 911 | 29.4 | 587 | 2.2 | 249 | 91.6 | 16 | 93.8 | 18 | 11.1 | 1 | 100 | 11 | 9.1 | 8 | 0 | 10 | 40 | 11 | 36.4 |
T: total number of isolates. N: number of tested enterococcal isolates. %R: percentage of resistance. Clinical breakpoints were adopted from those related to humans (Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) VET01S ED5:2020; Weinstein and Lewis, 2020).
Enterococcus casseliflavus and Enterococcus gallinarum have an intrinsic low-level vancomycin resistance.
The antimicrobial categories were adopted from Magiorakos et al. (2012).
The tested antimicrobial concentrations do not allow categorizing the isolates as susceptible or non-susceptible.
No clinical breakpoints are available in the CLSI VET01S ED5:2020. Clinical breakpoints were adopted from the guidelines of the Veterinary Antibiogram Committee of the French Society for Microbiology (CA-SFM; www.sfm-microbiologie.fr) for Streptococcus spp.
There are no available clinical breakpoints for non-urinary isolates. The clinical breakpoints for urinary isolates have been applied to non-urinary isolates.