Table 2.
Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among Enterococcus spp. clinical isolates from dogs stratified by sample source, from canine clinical infections at the Cornell University Animal Health Diagnostic Center (AHDC), 2007–2020.
| Antimicrobial agent | Resistance rate | |||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Enterococcus faecalis | Enterococcus faecium | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Urinary (T = 891) | Skin and soft tissues (T = 1,038) | Reproductive system (T = 203) | Invasive (T = 104) | Intestinal (T = 98) | Unspecified location (T = 120) | Urinary (T = 281) | Skin and soft tissues (T = 142) | Reproductive system (T = 38) | Invasive (T = 122) | Intestinal (T = 145) | Unspecified location (T = 20) | |||||||||||||
| N | %R | N | %R | N | %R | N | %R | N | %R | N | %R | N | %R | N | %R | N | %R | N | %R | N | %R | N | %R | |
| Ampicillin | 878 | 1.1 | 981 | 0.4 | 198 | 0.5 | 100 | 1.0 | 96 | 1.0 | 120 | 0 | 262 | 67.9 | 99 | 48.5 | 33 | 30.3 | 90 | 61.1 | 140 | 75.0 | 15 | 53.3 |
| Penicillin G | 35 | NSa | 1012 | 1.1 | 200 | 1.0 | 101 | 1.0 | 98 | 1.0 | 114 | 0 | 54 | 75.9 | 131 | 62.6 | 38 | 39.5 | 119 | 71.1 | 144 | 77.1 | 19 | 63.2 |
| Vancomycin | 7 | NSb | 390 | 0.3 | 83 | 0 | 27 | 0 | 53 | 0 | 32 | 0 | 22 | 0 | 47 | 4.3 | 11 | 0 | 37 | 0 | 127 | 0 | 5 | 0 |
| Tetracycline | 859 | 35.6 | 366 | 9.0 | 73 | 13.7 | 43 | 16.3 | 36 | 5.6 | 44 | 20.5 | 246 | 62.6 | 30 | 46.7 | 7 | 57.1 | 26 | 34.6 | 40 | 5.0 | 6 | 33.3 |
| Doxycycline | 23 | NS | 755 | 21.5 | 151 | 25.2 | 73 | 31.5 | 70 | 15.7 | 83 | 26.5 | 39 | 48.7 | 94 | 37.2 | 25 | 36.0 | 88 | 53.4 | 58 | 13.8 | 13 | 46.2 |
| Erythromycin | 35 | NS | 1031 | 73.1 | 200 | 71.0 | 101 | 72.3 | 97 | 61.9 | 114 | 73.7 | 54 | 96.3 | 136 | 91.2 | 38 | 76.3 | 119 | 85.7 | 144 | 97.2 | 19 | 89.5 |
| Chloramphenicol | 35 | NS | 1027 | 5.9 | 201 | 7.5 | 101 | 2.0 | 98 | 9.2 | 114 | 11.4 | 54 | 5.6 | 137 | 10.2 | 38 | 5.3 | 119 | 16.0 | 145 | 12.4 | 19 | 15.8 |
| Enrofloxacinc | 881 | 65.5 | 1014 | 70.0 | 201 | 68.2 | 104 | 68.3 | 98 | 73.5 | 120 | 75.0 | 279 | 91.8 | 132 | 95.5 | 38 | 71.1 | 122 | 93.4 | 145 | 98.6 | 20 | 95.0 |
| Rifampin | 35 | NS | 1011 | 72.4 | 200 | 75.5 | 101 | 67.3 | 98 | 76.5 | 114 | 67.5 | 54 | 75.9 | 131 | 67.9 | 38 | 50.0 | 119 | 78.2 | 144 | 85.4 | 19 | 63.2 |
| Nitrofurantoin | 7 | NS | 387 | 2.1 | 82 | 3.7 | 27 | 3.7 | 53 | 1.9 | 31 | 0 | 22 | 90.9 | 47 | 95.7 | 11 | 100 | 37 | 97.3 | 127 | 88.2 | 5 | 80.0 |
T: total number of isolates. N: number of tested enterococcal isolates. %R: percentage of resistance. Clinical breakpoints were adopted from those related to humans (Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) VET01S ED5:2020; Weinstein and Lewis, 2020).
NS: Resistance data is not shown because less than 5% of the total number of isolates were tested against the antimicrobial; thus, the available information does not reflect the true non-susceptibility rate.
Only seven Enterococcus faecalis isolates were tested for vancomycin; one isolate was vancomycin-resistant.
No clinical breakpoints are available in the CLSI VET01S ED5:2020. Clinical breakpoints were adopted from the guidelines of the Veterinary Antibiogram Committee of the French Society for Microbiology (CA-SFM; www.sfm-microbiologie.fr) for Streptococcus spp.