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. 2023 Jan 5;13:1025242. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1025242

Table 4.

Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression model representing minimum inhibitory concentration trends of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium to different antimicrobials in this study, in canine clinical infections at the Cornell University Animal Health Diagnostic Center (AHDC), 2007–2020.

Enterococcus faecalis Enterococcus faecium
Hazard ratio Probability of lower MICb p-value adj. p-valuec 95% CI Hazard ratio Probability of lower MICb p-value adj. p-valuec 95% CI
Ampicillin
Urinary tracta
Intestinal 1.02 0.919 0.968 0.73–1.42 1.33 0.186 0.516 0.87–2.02
Invasive 0.92 0.592 0.816 0.67–1.26 1.25 0.240 0.567 0.86–1.80
Unspecified site 1.44 0.040 0.160 1.02–2.03 1.63 0.346 0.683 0.59–4.49
Reproductive system 1.18 0.227 0.561 0.90–1.54 3.86 0.79 <0.001 <0.001 2.26–6.58
Skin and soft tissues 1.14 0.233 0.561 0.92–1.40 1.74 0.64 0.003 0.018 1.21–2.51
Isolation date (2007–2010)a
Isolation date (2011–2014) 0.93 0.516 0.759 0.73–1.17 1.11 0.504 0.759 0.82–1.49
Isolation date (2015–2017) 0.65 0.39 <0.001 0.001 0.52–0.81 0.48 0.32 <0.001 <0.001 0.34–0.67
Isolation date (2018–2020) 0.71 0.42 0.002 0.011 0.58–0.88 0.34 0.25 <0.001 <0.001 0.24–0.46
Penicillin G
Urinary tracta
Intestinal 0.97 0.921 0.968 0.51–1.83 1.41 0.321 0.670 0.72–2.77
Invasive 0.82 0.538 0.775 0.44–1.54 1.16 0.663 0.862 0.59–2.27
Unspecified site 1.09 0.793 0.899 0.57–2.08 1.89 0.407 0.724 0.42–8.52
Reproductive system 1.02 0.951 0.974 0.55–1.90 3.85 0.79 <0.001 0.002 1.87–7.95
Skin and soft tissues 0.90 0.722 0.896 0.49–1.63 1.73 0.100 0.328 0.90–3.33
Isolation date (2007–2010)a
Isolation date (2011–2014) 1.17 0.311 0.670 0.87–1.57 1.17 0.520 0.759 0.73–1.87
Isolation date (2015–2017) 0.74 0.016 0.077 0.58–0.94 0.49 0.33 0.006 0.035 0.30–0.82
Isolation date (2018–2020) 0.58 0.37 <0.001 <0.001 0.46–0.74 0.38 0.27 <0.001 0.002 0.23–0.63
Gentamicin
Urinary tracta
Intestinal 0.91 0.782 0.899 0.46–1.78 1.13 0.683 0.870 0.64–1.99
Invasive 0.78 0.484 0.758 0.38–1.58 1.10 0.772 0.899 0.59–2.06
Unspecified site 0.89 0.732 0.899 0.45–1.75 0.92 0.948 0.994 0.08–11.1
Reproductive system 0.91 0.754 0.899 0.49–1.69 0.70 0.458 0.758 0.28–1.78
Skin and soft tissues 0.71 0.260 0.604 0.40–1.28 1.18 0.599 0.816 0.64–2.16
Isolation date (2007–2010)a
Isolation date (2011–2014) 0.02 0.02 0.001 0.009 0.00–0.22 0.23 0.043 0.167 0.05–0.95
Isolation date (2015–2017) 0.25 0.20 <0.001 <0.001 0.20–0.32 0.03 0.403 0.724 0.00–116
Isolation date (2018–2020) 1.04 0.758 0.899 0.82–1.32 1.31 0.186 0.516 0.88–1.96
Tetracycline
Urinary tracta
Intestinal 0.92 0.664 0.862 0.63–1.35 0.75 0.186 0.516 0.49–1.15
Invasive 1.21 0.269 0.616 0.86–1.69 0.84 0.510 0.759 0.51–1.40
Unspecified site 1.01 0.953 0.974 0.71–1.43 0.99 0.995 0.995 0.04–24.7
Reproductive system 0.96 0.763 0.899 0.71–1.28 0.54 0.654 0.862 0.04–7.95
Skin and soft tissues 1.09 0.360 0.701 0.91–1.30 0.63 0.103 0.328 0.36–1.10
Isolation date (2007–2010)a
Isolation date (2011–2014) 0.92 0.405 0.724 0.77–1.11 0.96 0.812 0.907 0.68–1.35
Isolation date (2015–2017) 0.88 0.125 0.389 0.75–1.04 0.79 0.224 0.561 0.54–1.15
Isolation date (2018–2020) 0.92 0.346 0.683 0.78–1.09 1.25 0.206 0.549 0.88–1.77
Doxycycline
Urinary tracta
Intestinal 1.00 0.992 0.995 0.63–1.61 0.76 0.314 0.670 0.45–1.29
Invasive 0.82 0.423 0.734 0.51–1.32 0.83 0.476 0.758 0.50–1.39
Unspecified site 0.94 0.786 0.899 0.60–1.47 1.12 0.840 0.926 0.38–3.30
Reproductive system 0.86 0.470 0.758 0.57–1.29 1.11 0.758 0.899 0.56–2.20
Skin and soft tissues 0.99 0.950 0.974 0.67–1.45 1.16 0.522 0.759 0.73–1.84
Isolation date (2007–2010)a
Isolation date (2011–2014) 0.92 0.517 0.759 0.72–1.18 1.20 0.477 0.758 0.73–1.99
Isolation date (2015–2017) 0.80 0.082 0.289 0.62–1.03 0.75 0.321 0.670 0.43–1.32
Isolation date (2018–2020) 1.06 0.717 0.896 0.78–1.44 1.64 0.211 0.552 0.76–3.54
Erythromycin
Urinary tracta
Intestinal 0.84 0.469 0.758 0.51–1.36 1.03 0.884 0.944 0.65–1.63
Invasive 0.72 0.173 0.508 0.45–1.16 0.82 0.405 0.724 0.51–1.31
Unspecified site 0.71 0.160 0.480 0.45–1.14 1.33 0.473 0.758 0.61–2.85
Reproductive system 0.57 0.018 0.085 0.36–0.91 2.15 0.68 0.004 0.026 1.27–3.64
Skin and soft tissues 0.69 0.090 0.310 0.45–1.06 1.44 0.093 0.312 0.94–2.20
Isolation date (2007–2010)a
Isolation date (2011–2014) 0.98 0.846 0.926 0.84–1.15 1.26 0.234 0.561 0.86–1.84
Isolation date (2015–2017) 1.09 0.303 0.670 0.93–1.28 0.62 0.013 0.069 0.42–0.91
Isolation date (2018–2020) 1.30 0.56 0.003 0.017 1.10–1.54 0.58 0.37 0.006 0.035 0.39–0.86
Chloramphenicol
Urinary tracta
Intestinal 0.79 0.483 0.758 0.41–1.53 0.84 0.407 0.724 0.55–1.27
Invasive 1.15 0.678 0.870 0.60–2.20 0.77 0.201 0.546 0.51–1.15
Unspecified site 0.83 0.581 0.816 0.43–1.60 0.92 0.856 0.927 0.37–2.26
Reproductive system 0.86 0.634 0.845 0.46–1.60 1.17 0.624 0.840 0.63–2.16
Skin and soft tissues 0.95 0.877 0.942 0.52–1.75 0.81 0.336 0.682 0.54–1.24
Isolation date (2007–2010)a
Isolation date (2011–2014) 0.78 0.011 0.058 0.64–0.94 1.16 0.418 0.734 0.81–1.65
Isolation date (2015–2017) 0.69 0.41 <0.001 0.002 0.57–0.83 0.70 0.035 0.147 0.50–0.97
Isolation date (2018–2020) 0.91 0.384 0.724 0.72–1.13 0.86 0.406 0.724 0.61–1.22
Enrofloxacin
Urinary tracta
Intestinal 0.89 0.333 0.682 0.70–1.13 0.50 0.33 <0.001 0.004 0.34–0.74
Invasive 0.77 0.038 0.158 0.61–0.99 0.66 0.026 0.118 0.45–0.95
Unspecified site 0.77 0.015 0.072 0.62–0.95 0.98 0.966 0.980 0.44–2.18
Reproductive system 0.80 0.028 0.122 0.66–0.98 1.92 0.66 0.007 0.041 1.19–3.08
Skin and soft tissues 0.91 0.081 0.289 0.82–1.01 1.12 0.456 0.758 0.83–1.51
Isolation date (2007–2010)a
Isolation date (2011–2014) 0.87 0.055 0.207 0.75–1.00 0.82 0.232 0.561 0.58–1.14
Isolation date (2015–2017) 0.75 0.43 <0.001 0.001 0.64–0.87 0.59 0.37 0.002 0.016 0.43–0.83
Isolation date (2018–2020) 0.89 0.127 0.389 0.76–1.03 0.39 0.28 <0.001 <0.001 0.28–0.53
Rifampin
Urinary tracta
Intestinal 0.95 0.849 0.926 0.55–1.64 0.92 0.782 0.899 0.50–1.68
Invasive 1.15 0.600 0.816 0.68–1.96 0.74 0.319 0.670 0.41–1.34
Unspecified site 1.17 0.560 0.798 0.69–1.99 1.21 0.716 0.896 0.43–3.41
Reproductive system 0.83 0.490 0.759 0.50–1.39 1.82 0.078 0.287 0.94–3.54
Skin and soft tissues 1.07 0.790 0.899 0.66–1.73 1.16 0.601 0.816 0.66–2.03
Isolation date (2007–2010)a
Isolation date (2011–2014) 0.69 0.41 <0.001 0.002 0.57–0.84 0.95 0.805 0.906 0.61–1.46
Isolation date (2015–2017) 0.55 0.35 <0.001 <0.001 0.45–0.67 0.34 0.25 <0.001 0.001 0.20–0.57
Isolation date (2018–2020) 0.69 0.41 <0.001 0.002 0.56–0.84 0.40 0.29 <0.001 0.002 0.25–0.65
a

Reference group.

b

Probability = HR/(1+ HR)—calculated if p-value<0.05 (e.g., a hazard ratio of 0.5 corresponds to a 0.33 chance of an isolate at this condition having a lower MIC value compared to an isolate in the reference group).

c

p-values were adjusted according to Benjamini and Hochberg (1995).

Bold values are significant results (p<0.05 after Benjamini and Hochberg adjustment).