Official websites use .gov
A
.gov website belongs to an official
government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you've safely
connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive
information only on official, secure websites.
Perceived cost measurement.
| Variable | Numbering | Item | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Perceived cost | PC1 | I need to spend more time shopping for fresh products | Gupta et al. (38), Yang et al. (19) |
| PC2 | I need to spend more energy buying fresh products | ||
| PC3 | I need to spend a lot of network traffic or transportation costs to buy fresh products | ||
| PC4 | This channel is very affordable to buy fresh products |
