Table 7.

Channel switching cost measurement.

Variable	Numbering	Item	References
Channel switching cost	CSC1	Switching to a new shopping channel can take me a lot of time	Gupta et al. (38), Zhang et al. (57), Dong and Lu (50)
	CSC2	Switching to a new shopping channel takes a lot of energy
	CSC3	Switching to a new shopping channel will cost me more money
	CSC4	It would be inconvenient for me to switch to a new shopping channel
	CSC5	I'm worried that I won't get the same service as the old one after switching to a new shopping channel