TABLE 1.
General patient characteristics and results of the comparison of patients’ nutritional status assessed by MNA.
| Total (n = 808) | Normal (n = 98, 12.1%) | Risk of malnutrition (n = 284, 35.1%) | Malnutrition (n = 426, 52.7%) | p | |
| Age (years) | 82.8 (6.7) | 81.7 (6.2) | 81.6 (6.4) | 83.9 (6.8) | <0.001 |
| Sex (male) | 371 (45.9%) | 59 (60.2%) | 120 (42.3%) | 192 (45.1%) | 0.008 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 21.6 (4.5) | 26.3 (3.9) | 23.4 (3.5) | 19.4 (3.8) | <0.001 |
| Admission site (emergency room) | 629 (77.8%) | 71 (72.4%) | 204 (71.8%) | 354 (83.1%) | 0.001 |
| Length of hospital stay | 11.6 (21.9) | 8.6 (13.9) | 10.1 (9.9) | 13.4 (28.2) | 0.052 |
| Hendrich scale | 6.2 (2.8) | 4.7 (2.6) | 5.7 (2.6) | 6.8 (2.8) | <0.001 |
| Braden scale | 16.2 (3.9) | 19.2 (2.9) | 17.7 (3.4) | 14.5 (3.5) | <0.001 |
| CCI (score)* | 2.4 (1.9) | 2.1 (1.8) | 2.4 (2.0) | 2.4 (1.9) | 0.289 |
| ADL (score)† | 65.4 (39.8) | 97.2 (8.7) | 85.5 (26.5) | 44.6 (39.8) | <0.001 |
| IADL (score)‡ | 3.1 (2.6) | 5.3 (1.8) | 4.5 (2.4) | 1.7 (2.1) | <0.001 |
| SGDS-K (score)|| | 5.5 (3.6) | 3.6 (2.7) | 5.9 (3.6) | 6.8 (3.9) | <0.001 |
| MMSE (score)§ | 11.3 (10.0) | 21.5 (5.5) | 16.1 (8.3) | 5.7 (8.0) | <0.001 |
| Grip strength (kg)¶ | 16.7 (8.0) | 22.4 (8.7) | 17.0 (6.8) | 13.0 (6.8) | <0.001 |
| MAC (cm)** | 23.1 (3.6) | 26.2 (2.9) | 24.4 (2.8) | 21.6 (3.4) | <0.001 |
| CC (cm)** | 28.1 (4.4) | 33.2 (3.8) | 30.1 (3.1) | 25.7 (3.5) | <0.001 |
| Number of medications | 10.0 (5.3) | 10.5 (6.3) | 9.7 (5.2) | 10.1 (5.0) | 0.449 |
| Number of PIMs | 0.27 (0.54) | 0.30 (0.56) | 0.24 (0.51) | 0.28 (0.56) | 0.614 |
| Albumin (g/dL) | 3.2 (0.6) | 3.6 (0.5) | 3.4 (0.6) | 3.0 (0.6) | <0.001 |
| Protein (g/dL) | 6.4 (0.9) | 6.6 (0.9) | 6.5 (0.9) | 6.3 (0.9) | <0.001 |
| Cholesterol (mg/dL)‡ | 133.7 (43.4) | 139.3 (42.7) | 137.8 (42.8) | 129.7 (43.7) | 0.020 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 11.5 (2.2) | 12.1 (1.9) | 11.5 (2.1) | 11.3 (2.3) | 0.002 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.5 (1.4) | 1.2 (0.5) | 1.5 (1.3) | 1.5 (1.6) | 0.158 |
*n = 801, †n = 805, ‡n = 806, §n = 618, ||n = 251, ¶n = 460, **n = 787.
ADL, activities of daily living; CC, calf circumference; CCI; Charlson’s comorbidity index; IADL, instrumental activities of daily living; MAC, mid arm circumference; MMSE, mini-mental status examination; SGDS-K, short form of the Korean Geriatric Depression Scale; PIM, potentially inappropriate medication.
Statistical difference was assessed by one-way analysis of variance or Pearson’s chi-squared test.