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. 2023 Jan 5;10:1089970. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1089970

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Copyright © 2023 Castillo Bautista and Sterneckert.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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MN development in vivo and its recapitulation in vitro using small molecules. (A) Timeline of MN development in vivo. (B) Patterning along the dorsoventral axis is regulated by BMP and SHH produced by the roof and floor plates, respectively, as well as RA from adjacent somites. (C) Patterning of the rostrocaudal axis is regulated by WNT, FGF, GDF11 and RA. (D) Timeline showing how small molecules can be used to recapitulate developmental factors that specify MN development. Created with BioRender.com.