TABLE 2.
Protocols using transcription factor expression to direct the differentiation of human iPSCs into MNs.
| Year | Delivery system | Transcription factors | Duration (days) | MN efficiency (%) | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2011 | Adenovirus | NGN2, ISL-1, LHX3 | 11 | 72 | Hester et al. (2011) |
| 2017 | Sendai virus | NGN2, ISL-1, LHX3 | 14 | 30 | Goto et al. (2017) |
| 2017 | Synthetic mRNA | NGN1, NGN2, NGN3, ND1, ND2, ND4 | 14 | 94 | Goparaju et al. (2017) |
| ND6 | |||||
| 2018 | pMx retroviral vector | NGN2, ISL1, LHC3, ND1, BRN2, ASCL1, MYT1L | 15 | 70–80 | Shi et al., 2018, Shi et al. (2018) |
| 2018 | AAVS1 locus | NGN2, ISL-1, LHX3 | 14 | 90–100 | Fernandopulle et al. (2018) |
| 2018 | PiggyBac | NGN2, ISL-1, LHX3 and NGN2 + ISL1 + PHOX2A | 13 | 90 | De Santis et al. (2018) |