Fig. 6.2.

Number of papers utilizing (above) quantitative and (below) qualitative methods to measure surfactant function in response to toxicological exposure across the sample. Quantitative methods consisted of surfactometers, computational modeling, and other techniques. Qualitative methods consisted of microscopy techniques. Acronyms: Langmuir-Blodgett trough (LBT), constrained drop surfactometer (CDS), pulsating bubble surfactometer (PBS), captive bubble surfactometer (CBS), molecular dynamics (Mol. Dyn.), molecular docking (Mol. Doc.), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Brewster’s angle microscopy (BAM), fluorescence microscopy (FM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM).