Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the patients by quartile of FPG/HbA1c ratio.
| Q1 (n = 101) | Q2 (n = 104) | Q3 (n = 104) | Q4 (n = 99) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic data | |||||
| Age, y; mean (SD) | 59.6 (14.5) | 63.6 (13.0) | 66.7 (12.7) | 68.9 (12.3) | <0.001*** |
| Males, n (%) | 77 (76.2) | 73 (70.2) | 55 (52.9) | 60 (60.6) | 0.002*** |
| Preexisting conditions, n (%) | |||||
| Previous TIA/stroke, n (%) | 9 (8.91) | 18 (17.3) | 20 (19.2) | 35 (35.4) | <0.001*** |
| Cardiovascular disease, n (%) | 9 (8.91) | 16 (15.4) | 14 (13.5) | 19 (19.2) | 0.212 |
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 15 (14.9) | 16 (15.4) | 30 (28.8) | 27 (27.3) | 0.017* |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 42 (41.6) | 47 (45.2) | 52 (50.0) | 64 (64.6) | 0.006** |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 27 (26.7) | 35 (33.7) | 27 (26.0) | 50 (50.5) | 0.001** |
| Smoking, n (%) | 52 (51.5) | 42 (40.4) | 30 (28.8) | 24 (24.2) | <0.001*** |
| Laboratory findings | |||||
| Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dl) | 5.09 (1.28) | 6.53 (1.48) | 7.65 (1.94) | 11.9 (4.39) | <0.001*** |
| HbA1c values (%) | 6.27 (1.79) | 6.37 (1.47) | 6.23 (1.59) | 6.72 (1.60) | 0.13 |
| SHR index | 0.82 (0.11) | 1.03 (0.05) | 1.23 (0.07) | 1.75 (0.49) | <0.001*** |
| hemoglobin (g/dl) | 130 (23.1) | 130 (19.8) | 128 (22.8) | 127 (23.3) | 0.61 |
| Creatinine (mg/dl) | 80.7 (29.1) | 77.7 (23.0) | 80.3 (35.8) | 95.2 (125) | 0.238 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 0.94 (0.22) | 1.01 (0.25) | 1.01 (0.25) | 0.98 (0.28) | 0.141 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 2.59 (0.85) | 2.88 (1.20) | 2.56 (0.85) | 2.46 (0.89) | 0.013* |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 4.38 (1.03) | 4.61 (1.13) | 4.36 (1.02) | 4.15 (1.20) | 0.033* |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) | 1.33 (0.70) | 1.35 (0.75) | 1.20 (0.61) | 1.35 (1.07) | 0.451 |
| HCY (umol/L) | 9.45 (3.67) | 10.4 (10.3) | 8.59 (4.47) | 9.07 (4.30) | 0.182 |
| Hs-CRP (mg/L) | 14.8 (33.4) | 15.3 (34.4) | 21.9 (48.9) | 22.2 (40.7) | 0.366 |
| INR | 1.10 (0.18) | 1.16 (0.31) | 1.17 (0.22) | 1.17 (0.26) | 0.172 |
| Blood pressure | |||||
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 129 (20.1) | 132 (23.0) | 136 (20.8) | 137 (24.8) | 0.035* |
| Stroke subtypes based on TOAST classification | 0.016* | ||||
| Atherosclerosis n (%) | 30 (29.7) | 36 (34.6) | 58 (55.8) | 48 (48.5) | |
| Cardioembolism, n (%) | 55 (54.5) | 51 (49.0) | 36 (34.6) | 41 (41.4) | |
| Other determined etiology, n (%) | 11 (10.9) | 11 (10.6) | 5 (4.81) | 5 (5.05) | |
| Undetermined etiology, n (%) | 5 (4.95) | 6 (5.77) | 5 (4.81) | 5 (5.05) | |
| Baseline clinical characteristics | |||||
| Median NIHSS score at admission (IQR) | 12 (8–16) | 14 (10–18) | 16 (12–19) | 16 (12–19) | <0.001*** |
| Median NIHSS score at discharge (IQR) | 3 (1–8) | 5 (2–10) | 7 (4–15) | 11 (5–19) | <0.001*** |
| Median Pre-stroke mRS (range) | 0 (0–3) | 0 (0–3) | 0 (0–3) | 0 (0–4) | 0.077 |
| Information on therapy | |||||
| Puncture-to-reperfusion time, min | 39.2 (27.9) | 44.7 (31.4) | 42.4 (31.0) | 59.3 (64.9) | 0.004** |
| Onset-to-reperfusion time, min | 603 (602) | 601 (680) | 446 (343) | 529 (734) | 0.201 |
| Median baseline ASPECTS score | 8 (6–10) | 8 (7–10) | 8 (6–10) | 9 (7–10) | 0.695 |
| IV tPA (IQR) administration, n (%) | 19 (18.8) | 36 (34.6) | 38 (36.5) | 20 (20.2) | 0.004** |
*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. Q1, first FPG-to-HbA1c ratio quartile; Q2, second FPG-to-HbA1c ratio quartile; Q3, third FPG-to-HbA1c ratio quartile; Q4, fourth FPG-to-HbA1c ratio quartile; TIA, transient ischemic attack; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; SHR, stress hyperglycemia ratio; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HCY, homocysteine; Hs-CRP, high-sensitive C-reactive protein; INR, international normalized ratio; TOAST, Trial of ORG 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment; MT, mechanical thrombectomy; NIHSS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; mRS, modified Rankin Scale; ASPECTS, Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score; IV tPA, intravenous tissue plasminogen activator.