Table 1.
Basic characteristics.
| Placebo (n = 51) | Probiotics (n = 45) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (yr) | 70 (64,75) | 68 (65,73.5) | 0.64 |
| Sex | 0.55 | ||
| Male | 20 (39.2) | 15 (33.3) | |
| Female | 31 (60.8) | 30 (66.7) | |
| Height (cm) | 159.76 ± 8.58 | 159.69 ± 7.11 | 0.96 |
| Weight (kg) | 61.16 ± 10.30 | 59.90 ± 9.20 | 0.53 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.97 ± 3.69 | 23.46 ± 3.06 | 0.47 |
| Statins | 1 (1.96) | 2 (4.4) | 0.91 |
| Type of operation | 0.61 | ||
| Knee arthroplasty | 23 (45.1) | 18 (40) | |
| Hip arthroplasty | 28 (54.9) | 27 (60) | |
| ASA classification | 0.203 | ||
| II | 26 (51.0) | 16 (35.6) | |
| III | 25 (49.0) | 28 (62.2) | |
| IV | 0 | 1 (2.2) | |
| Education | 0.132 | ||
| Illiteracy | 4 (7.8) | 7 (15.6) | |
| Elementary school | 21 (41.2) | 15 (33.3) | |
| Middle school | 13 (25.5) | 5 (11.1) | |
| High school | 11 (21.6) | 12 (26.7) | |
| University | 2 (3.9) | 6 (13.3) |
BMI, body mass index; ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists. All data are presented as number (%), median (first quartile, third quartile), or mean ± SD.