Table 2.

Results of neuropsychological assessment at baseline.

	Placebo (n = 51)	Probiotics (n =45)	P-value
HVLT-R	10.02 ± 3.11	9.29 ± 3.79	0.30
HVLT-R delayed recall test	2 (1,3)	2 (0,3.5)	0.78
HVLT-R discrimination index	20 (18,22)	20 (17.5,22)	0.78
BVMT-R	6 (3,10)	5 (3.5,11)	0.99
BVMT-R delayed recall test	2 (1,3)	2 (1,4)	0.79
BVLT-R discrimination index	11 (10,12)	10 (10,12)	0.10
Number connection test	431 (360,502)	427 (322,534)	0.83
Benton judgment of line orientation	14 (12,16)	14 (12,15)	0.57
Digit span test	16.29 ± 3.05	16.31 ± 3.92	0.98
Digit Symbol Substitution Test	16 (11,22)	15 (12,24)	0.87
Verbal fluency test	39.84 ± 10.67	39.33 ± 11.41	0.82

HVLT-R, Hopkins verbal learning test-revised; BVMT-R, brief visuospatial memory test-revised. All data are presented as number (%), median (first quartile, third quartile), or mean ± SD.