Table 3.

Parameters during anesthesia and surgery.

	Placebo (n = 51)	Probiotics (n = 45)	P-value
Intraoperative blood loss (ml)	100 (50,200)	100 (50,200)	0.06
Total intra-operative infusion (ml)	1,200 (1,100, 1,700)	1,300 (1,050,1,700)	0.69
Dexmedetomidine	15	12	0.77
Type of anesthesia			0.36
intravertebral	27 (52.9)	28 (62.2)
General	24 (47.1)	17 (37.8)
Length of operation (h)	120.0 (110.0,155.0)	125.00 (95.0,145.0)	0.74
Intra-operative antibiotic			1
β-lactam	47 (92.2%)	42 (93.3%)
Quinolones	1 (1.1%)	1 (0.9%)
Polypeptide	3 (2.7%)	2 (2.3%)
Postoperative antibiotic			0.87
β-lactam	47 (92.2%)	40 (88.9%)
Quinolones	1 (2.0%)	2 (4.4%)
Polypeptide	3 (5.9%)	3 (6.7%)
Postoperative analgesia regime			0.21
Sufentanil	30 (58.8%)	32 (71.1%)
Sufentanil and dezocine	21 (41.2)	13 (28.9%)

All data are presented as number (%), median (first quartile, third quartile), or mean ± SD.