Table 5.
Incidence of mild and severe decline in each neuropsychological test in different groups.
| Incidence of mild and severe decline, No./Total (%) | Mild decline | Major decline | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Placebo (n = 51) | Probiotics (n = 45) | P-value | Placebo (n = 51) | Probiotics (n = 45) | P-value | |
| HVLT-R | 17/51 (33.3) | 5/45 (11.1) | 0.01* | 2/51 (3.9) | 1/45 (2.2) | 1.000 |
| HVLT-R delayed recall test | 20/51 (39.2) | 6/45 (13.3) | 0.004** | 0 | 0 | |
| HVLT-R discrimination index | 8/51 (15.7) | 3/45 (6.7) | 0.166 | 9/51 (17.6) | 1/45 (2.2) | 0.018* |
| BVMT-R | 6/51 (11.8) | 5/45 (11.1) | 0.920 | 0 | 0 | |
| BVMT-R delayed recall test | 9/51 (17.6) | 7/45 (15.6) | 0.784 | 1/51 (2.0) | 1/45 (2.2) | 1.000 |
| BVLT-R discrimination index | 6/51 (11.8) | 4/45 (8.9) | 0.746 | 5/51 (9.8) | 3/45 (6.7) | 0.719 |
| Number connection test | 0 | 1/45 (2.2) | 0.469 | 0 | 0 | |
| Benton judgment of line orientation | 9/51 (17.6) | 7/45 (15.6) | 0.784 | 1/51 (2.0) | 0 | 1.000 |
| Digit span test total | 4/51 (7.8) | 3/45 (6.7) | 1.000 | 1/51 (2.0) | 1/45 (2.2) | 1.000 |
| Digit symbol substitution test | 4/51 (7.8) | 2/45 (4.4) | 0.681 | 0 | 0 | |
| Verbal fluency test | 6/51 (11.8) | 6/45 (13.3) | 0.817 | 5/51 (9.8) | 0 | 0.058 |
HVLT-R, Hopkins verbal learning test-revised; BVMT-R, brief visuospatial memory test-revised. All data are presented as number (%), median (first quartile, third quartile), or mean ± SD; *p < 0.5, **p < 0.01.