Table 6.

Hierarchical regression analysis on problematic smartphone use.

Independent variables	Model 1			Model 2			Model 3
	B	SE	β	B	SE	β	B	SE	β
Step 1
Age	−0.02	0.03	−0.03	−0.03	0.03	−0.05	−0.03	0.02	−0.05
Gender	0.01	0.07	0.01	−0.01	0.07	−0.01	0.06	0.06	0.04
211&985 project	−0.06	0.11	−0.02	0.03	0.10	0.01	0.13	0.09	0.05
GPA ranking	0.11	0.09	0.12	0.10	0.08	0.11	0.09	0.08	0.09
Step 2
Severity of nejiuan				0.11**	0.04	0.12**	0.04	0.04	0.05
Concerns for neijuan				0.16***	0.04	0.22***	0.03	0.03	0.04
Step 3
Academic stress							0.41***	0.04	0.39***
Escape motives							0.19***	0.04	0.26***
Coping motives							0.12***	0.02	0.14***
Adjusted R2	0.01			0.10			0.32
F (4, 575)	5.85***			11.23***			31.81***

N = 580.

^*p < 0.05,

^**p < 0.01,

^***p < 0.001.