FIGURE 1.

(A) The mechanism of NOX2 activation. At resting state, the cytosolic and membrane-bound subunits are separated. When p47phox is activated by the kinases (protein kinase C, PKC or protein kinase B, also known as AKT), the cytosolic subunits translocate to the membrane and assemble with the membrane-bound subunits to form an active NOX2 complex. (B) Chemical structures of reported small-molecule p47phox/p22phox inhibitors. For LMH001, key parts are marked by turquoise color (Mannich base-like group), blue circle (ester), and a red square (catechol moiety).