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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Feb 15.
Published in final edited form as: Biosens Bioelectron. 2022 Nov 24;222:114921. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114921

Figure 3. Inhibition of E-selectin significantly reduces leukocyte recruitment to the inflamed endothelium in SCD.

Figure 3.

(A) The microfluidic device was lined with human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs). Insets: Fluorescent labeling of HPMECs showing the uniform cellular organization, cytoskeleton, and cell-cell junctions. (B-D) Representative microscopic images of adherent leukocytes to control unstimulated HPMECs, TNF-α activated HPMECs, and TNF-α activated HPMECs pre-treated with an adhesion-blocking anti-human E-selectin antibody. (E) Overall, leukocyte adhesion to control HPMECs was negligible but significantly increased with TNF-α activation in samples from subjects with HbAA (N = 3, P = 0.048, paired-t test) and HbSS (N = 6, P = 0.001, Mann-Whitney). Further, significantly greater leukocyte adhesion to TNF-α activated HPMECs was found in samples from subjects with HbSS compared to HbAA (P = 0.028, Mann-Whitney). (F) Treatment of TNF-α activated HPMECs with an adhesion-blocking anti-human E-selectin antibody significantly decreased leukocyte adhesion in samples from subjects with HbSS (N = 5, P = 0.029, paired-t test). Scale bars indicate lengths of 100 and 50 μm, respectively. HbAA: healthy. HbSS: homozygous sickle cell disease.