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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Int J Obes (Lond). 2022 May 16;46(8):1510–1517. doi: 10.1038/s41366-022-01141-z

Table 2.

Association between Indices of Sleep and Weight Change

Model 1
(n=130)
Model 2
n=130)
Model 3
(n=123)

B Estimate (95% CI) p-value B Estimate (95% CI) p-value B Estimate (95% CI) p-value
Bedtime (hh:mm) −0.42 (−1.01, 0.18) 0.17 −0.47 (−1.07, 0.13) 0.13 −0.45 (−1.08, 0.17) 0.15
Midpoint of sleep (hh:mm) −0.32 (−0.78, 0.13) 0.16 −0.33 (−0.79, 0.12) 0.15 −0.35 (−0.86, 0.16) 0.18
Waketime (hh:mm) −0.28 (−0.85, 0.29) 0.33 −0.23 (−0.81, 0.35) 0.43 −0.33 (−0.94, 0.27) 0.28
Regularity (per 10 minutes) 0.06 (−0.06, 0.18) 0.34 0.06 (−0.07, 0.18) 0.39 0.08 (−0.05, 0.21) 0.23
Sleep Duration (per hour) −0.41 (−1.08, 0.26) 0.23 −0.27 (−0.96, 0.42) 0.45 −0.52 (−1.26, 0.22) 0.17
Time in Bed (per hour) −0.04 (−0.64, 0.55) 0.89 0.07 (−0.53, 0.68) 0.81 −0.11 (−0.76, 0.54) 0.73
SOL (per 10 minutes) 1.13 (0.42, 1.84) <.01 1.17 (0.45, 1.89) <.01 1.01 (0.19, 1.83) 0.02
WASO (per 10 minutes) 0.11 (−0.05, 0.27) 0.17 0.11 (−0.05, 0.27) 0.17 0.12 (−0.05, 0.29) 0.17
   WASO (per 10 minutes) −0.18 (−0.50, 0.14) 0.26 −0.18 (−0.50, 0.13) 0.25 −0.17 (−0.51, 0.17) 0.32
   Month −0.12 (−0.28, 0.05) 0.16 −0.12 (−0.28, 0.05) 0.16 −0.13 (−0.30, 0.05) 0.17
   WASO*Month 0.02 (0.00, 0.05) 0.04 0.02 (0.00, 0.05) 0.03 0.02 (−0.00, 0.05) 0.05
Awakenings (per 5 events) 0.13 (−0.22, 0.48) 0.47 0.15 (−0.21, 0.50) 0.41 0.17 (−0.21, 0.55) 0.38
   Awakenings (per 5 events) −0.78 (−1.48, −0.07) 0.03 −0.76 (−1.46, −0.05) 0.04 −0.68 (−1.43, 0.07) 0.08
   Month −0.23 (−0.42, −0.03) 0.02 −0.23 (−0.42, −0.03) 0.03 −0.22 (−0.42, −0.01) 0.04
   Awakenings*Month 0.08 (0.03, 0.13) <.01 0.08 (0.03, 0.13) <.01 0.07 (0.02, 0.13) 0.01
Sleep Efficiency (per 5%) −0.60 (−1.12, −0.08) 0.02 −0.57 (−1.10, −0.03) 0.04 −0.60 (−1.17, −0.03) 0.04

Each measure of sleep was included as a predictor of weight (kg), adjusting for baseline weight. Model 1 included the measure of sleep, time, and baseline weight; Model 2 added age, BMI, race, ethnicity, completer, and intervention arm to Model 1; Model 3 added EI (kcal/d) and MVPA (min/wk) to Model 2. WASO- wake after sleep onset; SOL- sleep onset latency; Regularity was defined as the standard deviation of waketime