Table 4.

(Co)variance components for the average cow temperament measured at weaning (average CT – intercept) and learning and behavioral plasticity (LBP – slope)

Component	Average CT	LBP
Contemporary group variance (${\sigma }_{\mathit{CG}}^2$)	0.004 (0.001)	0.005 (0.001)
Additive genetic variance (${\sigma }_u^2$)	0.396 (0.019)	0.013 (0.002)
Permanent environment variance (${\sigma }_{\mathit{pe}}^2$)	0.143 (0.013)	0.021 (0.003)
Residual variance (${\sigma }_e^2$)a	0.129 (0.008)
Heritability ($h^2$)	0.505 (0.018)	0.016 (0.002)
Repeatability	0.688 (0.007)	0.043 (0.004)
Genetic correlation	0.744 (0.046)
Phenotypic correlation	0.219 (0.013)

Average CT: overall average cow at weaning temperament, the intercept of the random regression model; LBP: learning and behavioral plasticity, the slope of the random regression model

^aCommon residual variance for intercept and slope because homogenous residuals were fitted for all age groups