Table 4.

Survival numbers of T. spiralis adult worms incubated with different concentrations of C. rotundus 90% MeOH extract and its derived fractions by exposure times (n = 25)

Drugs	Drug dose μg/ml	Exposure time (h)					LC50μg/ml
		1 h	4 h	24 h	48 h	72 h
Parasite control		25 ± 0.0	25 ± 0.0	23 ± 0.2	22 ± 0.35	20.5 ± 0.41
DMSO control		24.5 ± 0.02	24 ± 0.1	22.5 ± 0.35	20.5 ± 0.8	20 ± 0.95
Albendazole	400	4 ± 0.93**	0 ± 0**	0 ± 0**	0 ± 0**	0 ± 0**	71.41
	200	11.5 ± 2.5**	8 ± 2.8**	0 ± 0**	0 ± 0**	0 ± 0**
	100	19.5 ± 3.2*	16 ± 2.65*	6.5 ± 1.23**	0 ± 0**	0 ± 0**
	50	23.5 ± 1.8	20.5 ± 2.3	17.5 ± 3.5*	11.5 ± 3.5*	9.5 ± 2.5*
	25	24.5 ± 3.4	23 ± 2.5	20.5 ± 3.5	17.5 ± 3.7	15 ± 2.8
90%MeOH ext	500	19.5 ± 3.2*	18.5 ± 4.3*	12 ± 3.5*	6 ± 1.3**	0 ± 0**	156.13
	250	21.5 ± 4.2	20 ± 3.2	16.5 ± 2.4*	9.5 ± 2.3**	2.5 ± 3.5**
	125	23.5 ± 3.9	23 ± 5.2	19.5 ± 3.6	17 ± 1.5	11.5 ± 1.5*
	50	25 ± 5.4	24.5 ± 3.1	22.5 ± 2.8	19.5 ± 2.9	17 ± 2.5
	25	25 ± 3.8	25 ± 4.2	23.5 ± 3.5	20.5 ± 3.6	20.5 ± 2.3
EtOAc fr	500	17.5 ± 2.8*	15 ± 3.4*	8 ± 2.5**	3.5 ± 1.2**	0 ± 0**	294.67
	250	20.5 ± 3.8	18 ± 2.1*	13.5 ± 3.6*	7 ± 2.0**	0 ± 0**
	125	22.5 ± 2.9	22 ± 3.6	16.5 ± 2.4*	13 ± 3.2*	8.5 ± 2.1**
	50	23.5 ± 3.7	23 ± 2.7	21 ± 2.1	18.5 ± 2.5	16 ± 1.2
	25	25 ± 2.8	24 ± 4.2	23.5 ± 3.5	21 ± 3.1	20 ± 2.3
Pet-ether fr	500	12.5 ± 3.9**	9 ± 3.1**	3.0 ± 0.9**	0 ± 0**	0 ± 0**	82.09
	250	18.5 ± 2.7*	15 ± 4.1*	9.5 ± 2.5**	2.5 ± 0.9**	0 ± 0**
	125	22.5 ± 3.2	18 ± 3.1*	14.5 ± 1.6*	8.5 ± 1.6**	3 ± 1.2**
	50	24.5 ± 4.2	23 ± 2.5	18.5 ± 3.2	13.5 ± 3.2	12.5 ± 2.3*
	25	25 ± 1.9	23.5 ± 3.5	22.5 ± 2.1	20.5 ± 2.5	19.5 ± 3.1
n-BuOH fr	500	9.5 ± 3.5**	6 ± 3.6**	0 ± 0**	0 ± 0**	0 ± 0**	73.16
	250	14.5 ± 4.3**	10 ± 2.4**	2.5 ± .2**	0 ± 0**	0 ± 0**
	125	19.5 ± 2.3*	16 ± 1.8*	10.5 ± 3.2**	0 ± 0**	0 ± 0**
	50	23 ± 4.3	22.5 ± 6.8	18 ± 2.5	14 ± 3.2	11 ± 3.2*
	25	24 ± 2.9	23.5 ± 3.3	21.5 ± 1.9	18.5 ± 2.1	17.5 ± 2.4

The survival of adult worms was represented as mean ± SD. The data were analyzed by Student’s t-test

^*P value < 0.05 was significant

^**P value < 0.01 was highly significant

LC₅₀ were calculated based on the Quest Graph online program: https://www.aatbio.com/tools/ic50-calculator. Each well/each plate contained 25 living adult worms at the beginning of the in vitro cultivation