TABLE 1—
Characteristics of Women Who Experienced Any Type of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Isfahan, Iran, 2020
| Characteristics | Prepandemic (n = 2300), No. (%) | Those Lost to Follow-Up (n = 184), No. (%) | All Participants With Completed Follow-Up (n = 2116) | At-Risk Participants With Completed Follow-Up (n = 972)a | P | ||
| No. (%) | IPV Prevalence (95% CI) | No. (%) | IPV Incidence (95% CI) | ||||
| Woman’s age, y | .67 | ||||||
| 18–29 | 564 (24.5) | 33 (17.9) | 531 (25.1) | 57.8 (53.6, 62.0) | 283 (29.1) | 20.8 (16.3, 26.1) | |
| 30–39 | 913 (39.7) | 127 (69.0) | 786 (37.1) | 69.1 (65.8, 72.2) | 339 (34.9) | 29.8 (25.0, 35.0) | |
| 40–49 | 466 (20.2) | 10 (5.4) | 456 (21.5) | 62. 9 (58.4, 67.3) | 218 (22.4) | 23.4 (17.9, 29.6) | |
| 50–60 | 357 (15.5) | 14 (7.6) | 343 (16.2) | 72 (67.0, 76.5) | 132 (13.6) | 28.0 (20.6, 36.5) | |
| Woman’s education | .011 | ||||||
| Illiterate | 263 (11.4) | 13 (7.0) | 250 (11.8) | 73.2 (67.4, 78.3) | 101 (10.4) | 34.7 (25.5, 44.8) | |
| Up to diploma | 862 (37.5) | 77 (41.8) | 785 (37.1) | 68.4 (65.1, 71.6) | 356 (36.6) | 31.2 (26.4, 36.3) | |
| Post-diploma to bachelor | 819 (35.6) | 75 (40.7) | 744 (32.3) | 63.6 (60.1, 67.0) | 337 (34.7) | 20.5 (16.3, 25.2) | |
| Master’s degree or more | 356 (15.5) | 19 (10.3) | 337 (15.9) | 56.7 (51.3, 61.9) | 178 (18.3) | 18.5 (13.1, 25.0) | |
| Woman’s job | < .001 | ||||||
| Housework | 1512 (65.7) | 98 (53.2) | 1414 (66.8) | 67.9 (65.4, 70.3) | 656 (67.5) | 31.6 (28.0, 35.3) | |
| Employed | 788 (34.2) | 86 (46.7) | 702 (33.2) | 60.4 (56.7, 64.0) | 316 (32.5) | 13.0 (9.5, 17.2) | |
| Change in woman’s job status | < .001 | ||||||
| Remained employed | NA | NA | 702 (33.2) | 60.4 (56.7, 64.0) | 316 (32.5) | 13.0 (9.5, 17.2) | |
| Became unemployed | NA | NA | 31 (1.5) | 100 (88.8, 100) | 31 (3.2) | 100 (88.8, 100) | |
| Remained a housewife | NA | NA | 1383 (65.3) | 67.2 (64.7, 69.6) | 625 (64.3) | 28.2 (24.7, 31.9) | |
| SES | < .001 | ||||||
| Low | 548 (23.8) | 41 (22.2) | 507 (24.0) | 76.5 (72.6, 80) | 196 (20.2) | 41.3 (34.4, 48.6) | |
| Low-middle | 652 (28.3) | 52 (28.2) | 600 (28.3) | 66.2 (62.3, 69.8) | 274 (28.2) | 25.9 (20.8, 31.5) | |
| Middle-high | 590 (25.6) | 50 (27.1) | 540 (25.5) | 63.1 (59, 67.1) | 262 (26.9) | 24.0 (19.0, 29.7) | |
| High | 510 (22.2) | 41 (22.2) | 469 (22.2) | 55 (50.5, 59.5) | 240 (24.7) | 13.8 (9.7, 18.77) | |
| Spouse’s age, y | .12 | ||||||
| 18–29 | 222 (9.6) | 21 (11.4) | 201 (9.5) | 46.3 (39.5, 53.2) | 133 (13.7) | 18.8 (12.5, 26.5) | |
| 30–39 | 899 (39.0) | 105 (57.0) | 794 (37.5) | 67 (63.7, 70.2) | 342 (35.2) | 24.6 (20.1, 29.5) | |
| 40–49 | 626 (27.2) | 34 (18.4) | 592 (28.0) | 66.4 (62.5, 70.1) | 277 (28.5) | 28.9 (23.6, 34.6) | |
| 50–59 | 300 (13.0) | 10 (5.4) | 290 (13.7) | 64.1 (58.4, 69.4) | 142 (14.6) | 28.2 (20.9, 36.3) | |
| ≥ 60 | 253 (11.0) | 14 (7.6) | 239 (11.3) | 75.3 (69.4, 80.4) | 78 (8.0) | 24.4 (15.3, 35.4) | |
| Spouse’s job | < .001 | ||||||
| Full-time | 1417 (61.6) | 119 (64.6) | 1182 (55.8) | 56.1 (53.2, 58.9) | 554 (57.0) | 6.9 (4.9, 9.3) | |
| Part-time | 643 (27.9) | 46 (25.0) | 577 (27.3) | 77.1 (73.5, 80.4) | 190 (19.6) | 32.1 (25.5, 39.2) | |
| Unemployed | 86 (3.7) | 6 (3.2) | 210 (9.9) | 84.8 (79.2, 89.0) | 152 (15.6) | 79.6 (72.3, 85.7) | |
| Other | 154 (6.7) | 13 (7.0) | 147 (6.9) | 66.7 (58.6, 73.8) | 76 (7.8) | 36.8 (26.1, 48.7) | |
| Change in spouse’s job status | < .001 | ||||||
| Full-time remained full-time | NA | NA | 1182 (55.9) | 56.1(53.2, 58.9) | 554 (57.0) | 6.9 (4.9, 9.3) | |
| Full-time became part-time or unemployed | NA | NA | 116 (5.5) | 96.6 (91.2, 98.7) | 116 (11.9) | 96.6 (91.4, 99.1) | |
| Part-time remained part-time | NA | NA | 559 (26.4) | 76.4 (72.7, 79.7) | 172 (17.7) | 25.0 (18.7, 32.2) | |
| Part-time became unemployed | NA | NA | 47 (2.2) | 78.7 (64.8, 88.2) | 47 (4.8) | 78.7 (64.3, 89.3) | |
| Unemployed remained unemployed | NA | NA | 80 (3.8) | 77.5 (67.1, 85.3) | 22 (2.3) | 22.7 (7.8, 45.4) | |
| Other | NA | NA | 132 (6.2) | 62.9 (54.3, 70.7) | 61 (6.3) | 21.3 (11.9, 33.7) | |
| Spouse’s education | .009 | ||||||
| Illiterate | 300 (13.0) | 18 (9.7) | 282 (13.3) | 71.3 (65.7, 76.3) | 117 (12.0) | 30.8 (22.6, 40.0) | |
| Up to diploma | 756 (32.8) | 64 (34.7) | 692 (32.7) | 68.6 (65.1, 72.0) | 315 (32.4) | 31.7 (26.6, 37.2) | |
| Post-diploma or more | 1244 (54.0) | 102 (55.4) | 1142 (54.0) | 62 (59.1, 64.8) | 540 (55.6) | 20.7 (17.4, 24.4) | |
Note. CI = confidence interval; NA = not applicable; SES = socioeconomic status.
a
At risk for any new IPV experience during the first 6 months of the pandemic.