Table 2.
Baseline Demographic and Clinical Characteristics in Identified Latent Trajectories in MDD Patients Receiving ECT Treatment
| Characteristic | Class 1 non-remit, mean SD (n = 17) | Class 2 rapid response, mean SD (n = 40) | Class 3 slow response, mean SD (n = 182) | Statistics (FDR corrected) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographic | ||||
| Age | 58.15 (12.45) | 55.40 (17.44) | 44.63 (16.62) | χ2 = 13.206, P = .002 |
| Education years | 10.77 (4.07) | 10.00 (3.45) | 11.97 (3.55) | χ2 = 6.829, P = .033 |
| Male (%) | 52.94% | 22.5% | 38.46% | χ2 = 5.636, P = .060 |
| BMI | 21.91 (2.25) | 22.39 (3.90) | 22.28 (4.19) | χ2 = 0.902, P = .637 |
| Clinical | ||||
| Total episode duration (m) | 146.92 (148.66) | 140.30 (153.00) | 108.70 (113.78) | χ2 = 1.206, P = .547 |
| Current episode duration (m) | 6.12 (9.81) | 3.79 (5.17) | 8.18 (27.15) | χ2 = 0.391, P = .823 |
| Times of hospitalization | 2.54 (2.30) | 1.43 (0.77) | 1.75 (2.46) | χ2 = 4.578, P = .101 |
| Times of relapse | 2.54 (2.67) | 2.23 (2.24) | 2.20 (2.90) | χ2 = 0.780, P = .677 |
| With family history | 29.41% | 32.5% | 20.33% | χ2 = 3.165, P = .206 |
| HAMD | 30.29 (4.88) | 35.75 (3.79) | 23.68 (3.70) | χ2 = 94.59, P < .001 |
| HAMA | 26.54 (8.34) | 32.83 (10.20) | 18.18 (6.65) | χ2 = 71.961, P < .001 |
| CGI | 5.54 (0.78) | 5.80 (1.19) | 5.12 (0.75) | χ2 = 16.783, P < .001 |
| MMSE | 25.69 (8.22) | 25.03 (4.94) | 27.67 (3.09) | χ2 = 8.271, P = .018 |
| Treatment protocols (No. of patients) | ||||
| Unilateral | 2 (11.76%) | 12 (30%) | 25 (13.74%) | χ2 = 7.435, P = .024 |
| Bifrontal | 4 (23.53%) | 9 (22.5%) | 31 (17.03%) | χ2 = 0.972, P = .615 |
| Bitemporal | 11 (64.71%) | 19 (47.5%) | 126 (69.23%) | χ2 = 6.834, P = .033 |
| Medical (during ECT treatment) | ||||
| Medications (no. of patients) | ||||
| Antidepressants | 14 | 34 | 149 | χ2 = 0.222, P = .895 |
| TCAs | 0 | 0 | 1 | χ2 = 0.315, P = .854 |
| SSRIs | 11 | 24 | 94 | χ2 = 1.769, P = .413 |
| NaSSAs | 7 | 21 | 46 | χ2 = 12.264, P = .002 |
| SNRIs | 5 | 10 | 66 | χ2 = 2.021, P = .364 |
| NDRIs | 1 | 0 | 5 | χ2 = 1.861, P = .394 |
| SARIs | 0 | 2 | 3 | χ2 = 2.190, P = .335 |
| Agomelatine | 0 | 1 | 2 | χ2 = 0.752, P = .687 |
| Medical (before enrolling in ECT treatment) | ||||
| Medications (no. of patients) | ||||
| Mood stabilizer | 4 | 5 | 46 | χ2 = 3.023, P = .221 |
| Lithium carbonate | 1 | 0 | 14 | χ2 = 3.304, P = .192 |
| valproate | 2 | 3 | 25 | χ2 = 1.172, P = .556 |
| lamotrigine | 1 | 2 | 7 | χ2 = 0.241, P = .887 |
| Typical antipsychotics (sulpiride) | 2 | 1 | 2 | χ2 = 8.674, P = .017 |
| Atypical antipsychotics | 7 | 18 | 103 | χ2 = 2.900, P = .235 |
| Olanzapine | 3 | 3 | 30 | χ2 = 2.164, P = .339 |
| Clozapine | 0 | 0 | 3 | χ2 = 0.952, P = .621 |
| Quetiapine | 5 | 14 | 58 | χ2 = 0.213, P = .899 |
| Risperidone | 0 | 1 | 3 | χ2 = 0.456, P = .796 |
| Aripiprazole | 0 | 0 | 9 | χ2 = 2.929, P = .231 |
| BZDs | 9 | 16 | 52 | χ2 = 5.561, P = .062 |
| No medication | 3 | 3 | 9 | χ2 = 4.387, P = .112 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; BZDs, benzodiazepines; CGI, Clinical Global Impression; ECT, electroconvulsive therapy; FDR, false discover rate; HAMA, Hamilton Anxiety Scale; HAMD, Hamilton Depression Scale-17; MDD, major depressive disorder; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; NaSSAs: noradrenergic and selective serotonergic antidepressants; NDRIs, norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake inhibitors; non-BZDs, nonbenzodiazepine; SARIs, serotonin antagonists and reuptake inhibitors; SNRIs, serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors; SSRIs, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors; TCAs, tricyclic antidepressants.