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Cumulative lifetime rates of substance use “initiation” (i.e., reported ≥1 standard drink, > puff/taste cannabis or nicotine or any other substance use) for all substances. If a participant previously endorsed substance use “initiation”, their onset was carried forward regardless of subsequent reports of substance use “initiation”. Notably, Y3 contains half of the ABCD cohort and thus may not be generalizable to the full cohort.
