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Odds ratio (OR) of “any” substance use (i.e., “experimentation” or “initiation”) GEE output. Blue represents positive ORs and red represents negative ORs. OR of the predictor is presented above 95% confidence interval bracket with asterisk denoting statistical significance. Notably, GEEs only analyzed Y0-Y2 data. “P.” = parental, “Edu” = education.
