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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Jan 11.
Published in final edited form as: Cell Host Microbe. 2022 Dec 8;31(1):45–57.e7. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2022.10.014

Figure 1. Consumption of low-fiber diets, during lactation, impacts microbiota and metabolic health of offspring.

Figure 1.

(A) Scheme; Dams were fed with grain-based chow (GBC), low-fiber low-fat diet (LF-LFD) or low-fiber high-fat diet (LF-HFD) during lactation. Dams and female pups were euthanized at the end of lactation.

(B-D) Fecal microbiota composition (N=4 for dams, N=8-9 for pups) via 16S rRNA gene sequencing, as expressed by unweighted UniFrac PCoA analysis (B), Unifrac distances between microbiota of GBC group and LF-LFD/LF-HFD group (C), and rarefaction curves of the observed-OTU richness (D).

(E&F) Alpha diversity of gut microbiota measured by Pielou's evenness (E) and Faith’s phylogenetic diversity (F).

(G-I) Taxonomic analysis of relative abundance of bacteria at the phylum level (G), ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes (H). Percent of Proteobacteria (I).

(J-N) Metabolic data of dams (N=6-8) including body weight (J), epididymal fat pad weight (K), fat pad to body weight ratio (L), intraperitoneally glucose tolerance testing (GTT) (M) and area under curve of GTT calculated (N) at the end of lactation.

(O-R) Pup metabolic data (N=9-10) including body weight (O), absolute epididymal fat mass (P), epididymal fat percent (Q), and non-fasting glucose measured (R) at weaning time.

One-way ANOVA: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001; #p<0.05, ##p < 0.01, ####p < 0.0001. In D and M, * indicated mLF-LFD vs mGBC; # indicated mLF-HFD VS mGBC. Also, see Figure S1.