| heterologous GPCR |
improved expression |
promoter strength, gene copy number, codon optimization, Kozak sequence |
(39,72,83,103) |
| improved membrane insertion |
mating factor secretion signal |
(36,40) |
| |
introduce first amino acids of rhodopsin into coding sequence |
(104) |
| |
swap N-terminus with that of Ste2 |
(40,105) |
| chemical chaperone |
partial ligands to aid protein folding |
(105,106) |
| membrane composition |
cholesterol incorporation to mimic mammalian membrane |
(40) |
| accessory proteins |
receptor transporter proteins, odor binding proteins |
(104) |
| reduced degradation |
removal of intracellular loops |
(107) |
| chimeras |
embed ligand binding domain in well expressed GPCR |
(87) |
| GPCR/Gα coupling coupling to yeast mating pathway |
alternative Gα |
swap C-terminal amino acids of GPA1 with those of human Gα |
(34,36,108) |
| |
replace GPA1 with human Gα |
(84,105) |
| yeast machinery |
mating pathway modifications |
deletion of key mating pathway genes |
multiple, for example (39) |
| modulate expression of mating pathway genes |
(39) |
| sensor output |
synthetic transcription factors/promoters |
(39,83,109) |
| reporter |
fluorescence, luminescence, auxotrophic, colorimetric |
multiple, for example36
|
