Table 5.

Bivariate analysis of categorical variables associated with sleep and gratitude

	PSQI					GQ-6
	M	SD	t	p	Cohen's d	M	SD	t	p	Cohen's d
Gender
Female	5.88	3.43	2.36	0.018	− 0.28	32.47	6.56	− 2.60	0.010	0.31
Male	6.85	3.47				30.39	7.00
Age group
18–25	6.29	3.55	0.94	0.347	− 0.10	30.98	7.19	− 3.28	0.001	0.34
> 25	5.93	3.36				33.30	5.80
Professional status
Employed	5.79	3.23	1.61	0.107	− 0.17	32.58	6.31	− 1.61	0.107	0.17
Unemployed	6.40	3.60				31.41	7.00

	M	SD	F (2, 347)	p	η2	M	SD	F (2, 347)	p	η2
Job loss
Yes	6.86	3.68	3.41	0.034	0.33	32.86	6.23	1.75	0.174	0.28
No	5.66	3.24				32.34	6.34
Not applicable	6.54	3.60				31.10	7.27

Values for the M [mean] and SD [standard deviation] for the various scales Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index [PSQI] and Gratitude Questionnaire [GQ-6] with their respective T-statistic, F-statistic, p-value for the various analysis