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. 2022 Jun 9;19(2):401–414. doi: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2084862

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© 2022 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, and is not altered, transformed, or built upon in any way.

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Figure 4. — Crosstalk between mitophagy and other type of cell death. VDAC regulates mitochondria iron homeostasis through CISD1 which may affect the iron-dependent cell death of ferroptosis. Translocator protein interacts with VDAC in PINK-PRKN-dependent mitophagy. VDAC gate the Ca²⁺ transport to control energy production and metabolism by modulating enzyme activity of TCA which impacts the production of mitochondria ROS in the electron transport chain. GSK3B increased VDAC phosphorylation to control MPT. SLC7A11/xCT regulates extracellular cystine and intracellular glutamate exchanging which influence the TCA and GSH metabolism through glutamate and cystine, respectively. BCL2 family proteins regulate apoptosis through controlling the assembly of multimeric BAX-BAK1 channels. The interaction of BECN1-BCL2 inhibits autophagy and mitophagy but increase apoptosis. BCL2 family proteins, like BNIP3, can disrupt interaction between the BECN1 and antiapoptotic BCL2 family. NLRP3 process pro-CASP1 to active CASP1, which cleaves pro-inflammatory IL1B to mature IL1B causing pyroptosis. NLRP3 binding of its LIR motif to LC3 induce mitophagy while CASP1 inhibits mitophagy to amplify mitochondrial damage. VDAC activates NLRP3 to induce pyroptosis. Abbreviations: BAK1: BCL2 antagonist/killer 1; BAX: BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator; BCL2: BCL2 apoptosis regulator; BECN1: beclin 1; CASP1: caspase 1; CISD1: CDGSH iron sulfur domain 1; GPX: glutathione peroxidase; GSH: glutathione; GSK3B: glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta; IL1B: interleukin 1 beta; LIR: LC3-interacting region; MPT: mitochondrial permeability transition; NLRP3: NLR family pyrin domain containing 3; PINK1: PTEN induced kinase 1; PRKN: parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase; SLC7A11/xCT: solute carrier family 7 member 11; TCA: tricarboxylic acid; VDAC: voltage dependent anion channel.