Table 1.

The role of mitophagy in various pathological conditions of acute kidney injury.

Pathways	Factors	Model	Cells and Animals	Mechanisms	Effect	Reference
PRKN-dependent	IRI	CCCP for HK-2 cells and IRI for mice	PINK1 siRNA, PRKN siRNA, or double siRNA in cells; pink1-KO, prkn-KO or double-KO in mice.	1. Reduce mitochondrial damage 2. Modulate the removal of ROS 3. Relieve inflammatory response 4. Modulate cell death	Activation of mitophagy protects against AKI	[65]
	IRI	H/R for HK-2 cells and IRI for mice	PmirGLO-Dual-luciferase reporter vector of MEG3 and RTKN in cells; AAV-sh-MEG3 vector in mice via tail vein.	Promoting apoptosis	Activation of mitophagy aggravates AKI	[66]
	IRI	CCCP for RPTC cells and IRI for mice	Pink1 shRNA in cells PT-atg7-KO in mice	1.Suppressed mitochondrial depolarization 2.Improved ATP production 3.Inhibited the generation of ROS	Activation of mitophagy protects against AKI	[72]
	Sepsis	LPS for RPTC cells and LPS or CLP for mice	Pink1 siRNA, Prkn siRNA, or Optn siRNA in cells; pink1-KO or prkn KO in mice	1. Mitochondrial quality control 2. Reduce cells apoptosis	Activation of mitophagy protects against AKI	[81]
	Sepsis	LPS for RPTC cells	Pink1 siRNA and Prkn siRNA in cells	1. Inhibited the apoptosis 2. Remove damaged mitochondria	Activation of mitophagy protects against AKI	[82]
	Sepsis	LPS for HK-2 cells and CLP for rats	PRKN siRNA or SIRT1 inhibitor in HK-2 cells; Prkn silencing lentivirus and SIRT1 inhibitor EX527 in rats via tail vein	1. Inhibited the apoptosis 2. Inhibited the pyroptosis 3. Remove damaged mitochondria	Activation of mitophagy protects against AKI	[83]
	Sepsis	CLP for mice	prkn-KO in mice	1. Inhibition of mitochondrial dysfunction 2. Inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation	Activation of mitophagy protects against AKI	[84]
	Cisplatin	Cisplatin injected intraperitoneally for mice	pink1-KO or prkn-KO in mice	Reduce cells apoptosis	Activation of mitophagy protects against AKI	[87]
	Cisplatin	Cisplatin for RTECs and cisplatin injected intraperitoneally for mice	-	1. Reversed cellular ROS induced by cisplatin 2. Reversed mitochondrial membrane potential level induced by cisplatin	Activation of mitophagy protects against AKI	[88]
	Cisplatin	Cisplatin for HK-2	PINK1 siRNA, PRKN siRNA and PINK1 or PRKN overexpression plasmids in HK-2	1. Protected against mitochondrial dysfunction 2. Protected against cell injury	Activation of mitophagy protects against AKI	[89]
	Cisplatin	Intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin for rats	pink1-KO in rats	1. PINK1 deficiency inhibited DNM1L-mediated mitochondrial fission 2. PINK1 deficiency inhibited excessive mitophagy	Excessive mitophagy aggravates AKI	[90]
	Contrast	Iohexol for HK-2 and iohexol administration for mice	PINK1 siRNA or PRKN siRNA in cells; pink1-KO or prkn-KO in mice	1. Reduce mitochondrial ROS 2. Reduce NLRP3 inflammasome activation	Activation of mitophagy protects against AKI	[91]
	Contrast	Ioversol for HK-2 and ioversol for rats	-	1. Reduce oxidative stress 2. Reduce mitochondrial damage	Activation of mitophagy protects against AKI	[94]
PRKN-independent	IRI	OGD-R for BUMPT cells and IRI for mice	Bnip3 silence in cells; bnip3-KO in mice	1. Eliminate damaged mitochondria 2. Modulate the removal of ROS 3. Modulate cell death 4. Relieve inflammatory response	Activation of mitophagy protects against AKI	[64]
	IRI	IRI for rats	Mdivi-1, an inhibitor of DNM1L, in rats	1. Mitophagic clearance of damaged mitochondria 2. Protects cells apoptosis.	Activation of mitophagy protects against AKI	[73]
	IRI	IRI for mice	cnp-KO in mice.	Aggressive removal of injured mitochondria	Activation of mitophagy protects against AKI	[74]
	IRI	H/R for HK-2 cells and IRI for mice	HIF1A siRNA, BNIP3 siRNA, and BNIP3-overexpression plasmid for cell; hif1a-CKO and bnip3-overexpression adenovirus in mice	1. Inhibited apoptosis 2. Inhibited ROS production	Activation of mitophagy protects against AKI	[75]
	IRI	IRI for mice and rotenone for primary tubule cells	fundc1-PTKO, dnm1l-PTKO, ulk1-PTKO and fundc1-dnm1l-PTKO in mice	1. Mitochondrial quality control 2. Reduce ROS oxidative stress 3. Reduce mitochondrial apoptosis	Activation of mitophagy protects against AKI	[76]
	Contrast	Iohexol for HK-2 and iohexol administration for mice	BNIP3 siRNA in cells; bnip3-KO in mice	Reduce cells apoptosis	Activation of mitophagy protects against AKI	[93]