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. 2022 Nov 22;130(7):1041–1056. doi: 10.1093/aob/mcac139

Fig. 7.

Fig. 7.

The relationships among genetic, epigenetic, environmental and phenotypic variation determined using distance-based redundancy analyses (dbRDA). Two types of environmental factors were used, comprising 13 meteorological factors and the contents of four metals in soils. (A) Epigenetic variation in C. ambrosioides populations determined using genetic data as predictors; (B) genetic, (C) epigenetic and (D) phenotypic variations in C. ambrosioides populations determined using meteorological factors as predictors; (E) genetic and (F) epigenetic variation in C. ambrosioides populations determined using phenotypic data as predictors; (G) genetic and (H) epigenetic variation in C. ambrosioides populations determined using four heavy metals in soil as predictors. The meteorological data include altitude (ALT), 20–20 time precipitation (PRE_Time), 2 min average wind speed (WS_2 min), average annual wind speed (AAWS), maximum wind speed (MWS), annual gale days (GD_Ann), sunshine hours (SSH), average air pressure (AP_Avg), average temperature (TEM_Avg), average ground surface temperature (GST_Avg), accumulated temperature (ATEM), average relative humidity (RH_Avg) and minimum average humidity (MRH_Avg). The phenotypic data included root length (RL), shoot length (SL), root fresh weight (RFW), shoot fresh weight (SFW), blade number (BN), lateral branch number (LBN), leaf area (LA), relative chlorophyll content (Chl), net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal conductance (Gs) and intercellular carbon dioxide (Ci). The four heavy metals are Zn, Mn, Pb and Cd.