Table 2.

Full text articles excluded with reasons

Study	Reference	Reason
Zétola et al. 2015	Zétola A, do Valle M, Littieri S, Baumgart D, Gapski R. Use of rhBMP-2/β-TCP for Interpositional Vertical Grafting Augmentation: 5.5-Year Follow-up Clinically and Histologically. Implant Dent. 2015;24 (3):349-53	Case rep ort
Mavriqi 2015 et al	Mavriqi L, Baca E, Demiraj A. Sandwich osteotomy of the atrophic posterior mandible prior to implant placement. Clin Case Rep. 2015;3 (7):610-4.	Case report
Castro et al. 2013	Pombo Castro M, Luaces Rey R, Arenaz Búa J, Santana-Mora U, López-Cedrún Cembranos JL. Prosthodontic rehabilitation in patient with ectodermal dysplasia combining preprosthetic techniques: a case report. Implant Dent. 2013;22 (5):460-4	Case report
Felice et al. 2010	Felice P, Piattelli A, Iezzi G, Degidi M, Marchetti C. Reconstruction of an atrophied posterior mandible with the inlay technique and inorganic bovine bone block: a case report. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2010 Dec; 30 (6):583-91	Case report
Santagata et al. 2017	Santagata M, Sgaramella N, Ferrieri I, Corvo G, Tartaro G, D’Amato S. Segmental sandwich osteotomy and tunnel technique for three-dimensional reconstruction of the jaw atrophy: a case report. Int J Implant Dent. 2017 Dec; 3 (1):14	Case report
Jensen et al. 2006	Jensen OT. Alveolar segmental “sandwich” osteotomies for posterior edentulous mandibular sites for dental implants. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2006;64 (3):471-5	Case report
Triaca et al. 2014	Triaca A, Brusco D, Asperio P, Guijarro-Martínez R. New perspectives in the treatment of severe mandibular atrophy: “double sandwich” osteotomy. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2014;52 (7):664-6	Technical note and review article.
Tulasne et al. 2012	Tulasne JF, Guiol J, Jeblaoui Y. Reconstruction pré-implantaire du secteur mandibulaire postérieur [Pre-implant posterior mandibular reconstruction]. Rev Stomatol Chir Maxillofac. 2012;113 (4):307-21	Article in French
Herford et al. 2013	Herford AS, Tandon R, Stevens TW, Stoffella E, Cicciu M. Immediate distraction osteogenesis: the sandwich technique in combination with rhBMP-2 for anterior maxillary and mandibular defects. J Craniofac Surg. 2013;24 (4):1383-7	Article not included as per eligibility criteria due to limited number of cases
Zhang et al. 1997	Zhang H, Zhou X, Wang X. [Mandibular ridge augmentation by sandwich osteotomy and BMP-HA implantation]. Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 1997;32 (1):37-9	Article in chinese
Ewers et al. 2004	Ewers R, Fock N, Millesi-Schobel G, Enislidis G. Pedicled sandwich plasty: a variation on alveolar distraction for vertical augmentation of the atrophic mandible. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2004 Oct; 42 (5):445-7	Case report
Felice et al. 2014	Felice P, Cannizzaro G, Barausse C, Pistilli R, Esposito M (2014) Short implants versus longer implants in vertically augmented posterior mandibles: a randomised controlled trial with 5-year after loading follow-up. Eur J Oral Implantol 7:359-369	Article was not included as per eligibility criteria.
Felice et al. 2018	Felice P, Barausse C, Pistilli V, Piattelli M, Ippolito DR, Esposito M (2018) Posterior atrophic jaws rehabilitated with prostheses supported by 6 mm long x 4 mm wide implants or by longer implants in augmented bone. 3-year post-loading results from a randomised controlled trial. Eur J Oral Implantol 11:175-187	Article was not included as per eligibility criteria
Esposito et al. 2014	Esposito M, Pistilli R, Barausse C, Felice P (2014) Three-year results from a randomised controlled trial comparing prostheses supported by 5-mm long implants or by longer implants in augmented bone in posterior atrophic edentulous jaws. Eur J Oral Implantol 7:383–395	Article was not included as per eligibility criteria
Novy et al. 2019	Novy LFS, Aguiar EG, de Arruda JAA, de Castro MAA, Moreira AN, Dos Santos EG, de Magalhães CS, Moreno A. Linear and volumetric gain after vertical bone -augmentation in the posterior mandible using an autologous cortical tenting method. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2019;48 (11):1485-1491.	Article was not included as per eligibility criteria
Simion et al. 2007	Simion M, Fontana F, Rasperini G, Maiorana C. Vertical ridge augmentation by expanded-polytetrafluoroethylene membrane and a combination of intraoral autogenous bone graft and deproteinized anorganic bovine bone (Bio Oss). Clin Oral Implants Res. 2007;18 (5):620-9	Article was not included as per eligibility criteria
Lee et al. 2008	Lee HJ, Choi BH, Jung JH, Zhu SJ, Lee SH, Huh JY, You TM, Li J. Vertical alveolar ridge augmentation using autogenous bone grafts and platelet-enriched fibrin glue with simultaneous implant placement. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2008;105 (1):27-31	Animal study
Nguyen et al. 2019	Nguyen TTH, Eo MY, Kuk TS, Myoung H, Kim SM. Rehabilitation of atrophic jaw using iliac onlay bone graft combined with dental implants. Int J Implant Dent. 2019; 19;5 (1):11.	Article was not included as per eligibility criteria
Choi et al. 2004	Choi BH, Lee SH, Huh JY, Han SG. Use of the sandwich osteotomy plus an interpositional allograft for vertical augmentation of the alveolar ridge. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2004;32 (1):51-4	Article not included due to limited number of cases as per eligibility criteria
Bechara 2015	Bechara K, Dottore AM, Kawakami PY, Gehrke SA, Coelho PG, Piattelli A, Iezzi G, Shibli JA. A histological study of non-ceramic hydroxyapatite as a bone graft substitute material in the vertical bone augmentation of the posterior mandible using an interpositional inlay technique: A split mouth evaluation. Ann Anat. 2015;202:1-7	Histological study of bone quality from grafted sites. Study not relevant.
Domingues 2016	Domingues EP, Ribeiro RF, Horta MCR, Manzi FR, Côsso MG, Zenóbio EG. Vertical augmentation of the posterior atrophic mandible by interpositional grafts in a split-mouth design: a human tomography evaluation pilot study. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2017;28 (10):e193-e200	Inadequate participants and pilot study
Rachmiel 2018	Rachmiel A, Emodi O, Rachmiel D, Israel Y, Shilo D. Sandwich osteotomy for the reconstruction of deficient alveolar bone. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2018;47 (10):1350-1357	No separate data on mandibular sites being augmented.