Table 1.
Cohort Characteristics
| Characteristics | Preterm‐born adults (n=200) | Term‐born adults (n=266) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics and anthropometrics | |||
| Age, y | 25.7±3.9 | 26.5±4.6 | 0.069 |
| Male, n (%) | 91 (45.5) | 136 (51.1) | 0.274 |
| Height, cm | 169.6±10.1 | 173.6±9.2 | <0.001 |
| Weight, kg | 69.1±13.3 | 72.4±12.9 | 0.029 |
| BMI, kg/m 2 | 23.9±3.7 | 23.9±3.4 | 0.560 |
| BSA, m 2 | 1.79±0.20 | 1.86±0.19 | <0.001 |
| Birth weight, g | 1635±638 | 3449±428 | <0.001 |
| Birth weight, z score | −0.26±1.05 | 0.09±0.90 | <0.001 |
| Small for gestational age, n (%) | 10 (5.0) | 5 (1.9) | 0.054 |
| Gestational age, wk | 31.4±3.0 | 39.6±1.2 | <0.001 |
| <28 wk, n (%) | 21 (10.5) | … | … |
| 28–31 wk, n (%) | 74 (37.0) | … | … |
| 32–36 wk, n (%) | 105 (52.5) | … | … |
| Smoker, n (%) | 20 (10.0) | 23 (8.6) | 0.613 |
| Biochemistry | |||
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 4.66±1.04 | 4.44±0.94 | 0.011 |
| HDL‐C, mmol/L | 1.49±0.37 | 1.43±0.35 | 0.243 |
| LDL‐C, mmol/L | 2.78±0.79 | 2.58±0.78 | 0.002 |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L | 1.23±0.97 | 0.98±0.57 | <0.001 |
| High‐sensitivity CRP, mg/L | 1.92±3.55 | 1.56±3.16 | 0.262 |
| Glucose, mmol/L | 4.96±0.43 | 4.81±0.47 | <0.001 |
| Insulin, pmol/L | 53.48±30.81 | 47.34±45.31 | 0.075 |
| Brachial blood pressure and heart rate | |||
| Resting systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 120.9±11.5 | 118.0±11.2 | <0.001 |
| Resting diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 72.9±8.1 | 71.8±8.7 | 0.064 |
| Resting mean arterial pressure, mm Hg | 88.9±8.4 | 87.2±8.7 | 0.007 |
| Resting heart rate, bpm | 71.2±10.5 | 66.1±9.7 | <0.001 |
Group characteristics presented as mean±SD or n (%). P values represent between‐group comparisons that were adjusted for differing sex and age distributions using multivariable linear regression. BMI indicates body mass index; bpm, beats per minute; BSA, body surface area; CRP, C‐reactive protein; HDL‐C, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; and LDL‐C, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol.