Table 1.

Characteristics of Study Population

Characteristics	All (N=272)	NCI (n=74)	CIND (n=99)	AD (n=78)	VaD (n=21)
Age, mean (SD), y	75.42 (6.77)	72.93 (7.52)	77.01 (5.87)	75.9 (6.45)	74.67 (7.07)
Sex, n (%)
Female	157 (57.72)	44 (59)	51 (52)	55 (71)	7 (33)
Education, mean (SD), y	7.32 (5.04)	9.64 (4.82)	8.1 (5.03)	4.63 (4.43)	5.48 (2.52)
Ethnicity, n (%)
Chinese	237 (87.13)	68 (92)	86 (87)	67 (86)	16 (76)
Malay	18 (6.62)	3 (4)	4 (4)	7 (9)	4 (19)
Indian	14 (5.15)	2 (3)	8 (8)	3 (4)	1 (5)
Others *	3 (1.10)	1 (1)	1 (1)	1 (1)	0 (0)
Vascular risk factors, n (%)
Hypertension	179 (65.80)	40 (54)	63 (64)	55 (71)	21 (100)
Diabetes	83 (30.51)	12 (16)	28 (28)	32 (41)	11 (52)
Hyperlipidemia	191 (70.22)	53 (72)	67 (68)	53 (68)	18 (86)
Current smoking	12 (4.41)	4 (5)	5 (5)	1 (1)	2 (10)
History of CVD, n (%)
Myocardial infarction	11 (4.04)	2 (3)	5 (5)	2 (3)	2 (10)
Atrial fibrillation	13 (4.78)	1 (1)	9 (9)	1 (1)	2 (10)
Coronary angioplasty	9 (3.31)	2 (3)	3 (3)	2 (3)	2 (10)
Coronary bypass procedure	7 (2.57)	1 (1)	4 (4)	2 (3)	0 (0)
Heart failure	3 (1.10)	1 (1)	2 (2)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Stroke	49 (18.01)	5 (7)	17 (17)	10 (13)	17 (81)
Blood pressure, mm Hg
Systolic	142 (19)	139 (19)	140 (18)	147 (21)	147 (18)
Diastolic	73 (11)	73 (10)	71 (10)	74 (11)	78 (14)
Mean arterial pressure, mm Hg	96 (12)	95 (11)	94 (11)	98 (12)	101 (14)
Heart rate, bpm	61 (10)	59 (8)	61 (10)	61 (10)	69 (14)
Pulse pressure, mm Hg	70 (17)	66 (17)	69 (16)	73 (17)	69 (16)

AD indicates Alzheimer disease; bpm, beats per minute; CIND, cognitive impairment no dementia; CVD, cardiovascular disease; NCI, no cognitive impairment; and VaD, vascular dementia.

^* Other ethnicities include those who are Eurasians, or have mixed‐ethnicities (e.g., Chinese‐Malay, Chinese‐Indian, Malay‐Indian).