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. 2023 Jan 19;18(1):e0278134. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278134

Fig 1. Mycobiome diversity.

Fig 1

(A) Within subject (Alpha) diversity measure. Observed species, Chao1, ACE, Shannon, Simpson and InvSimpson indices estimated within sample fungal diversity of Healthy, COVID-19 and Recovered cases are plotted on boxplots and comparisons are made with pairwise Wilcoxon rank sum tests. Significance level (p-value) 0.0001, 0.001, 0.01, and 0.05 are represented by the symbols "****", "***", "**", and "*", respectively. (B) Between subject (Beta) diversity measure. Fungal beta diversity is measured with Bray-Curtis dissimilarity distances and visualized on principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) plot. The samples are colored according to subject groups (e.g., red: Healthy, green: COVID-19 and blue: Recovered) and joined with the respective ellipses. The shapes represent the gender of the assigned subjects: circular for female (F) and triangular for male (M). Pairwise comparisons on a distance matrix using PERMANOVA test under reduced model shows significant fungal community differences among the groups (p < 0.01, PERMANOVA test).