TABLE 3.
Quality assessment of cross-sectional studies with the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) methodology checklist.
| References | Study design | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | Summary score |
| Antoniazzi et al. (17) | Cross-sectional | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 8/11 |
| Leung et al. (38) | Cross-sectional | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5/11 |
| Najera et al. (39) | Cross-sectional | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4/11 |
| Tervahartiala et al. (43) | Cross-sectional | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2/11 |
| Ambrosio et al. (29) | Cross-sectional | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 8/11 |
| Marton et al. (35) | Cross-sectional | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3/11 |
| Kuru et al. (16) | Cross-sectional | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5/11 |
| Pedersen et al. (40) | Cross-sectional | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4/11 |
| Pedersen et al. (41) | Cross-sectional | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6/11 |
| Tseng (30) | Cross-sectional | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3/11 |
| Zoppo et al. (42) | Cross-sectional | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3/11 |
| Seck-Diallo et al. (36) | Cross-sectional | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4/11 |
| Pers et al. (37) | Cross-sectional | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3/11 |
| Rhodus and Michalowicz (28) | Cross-sectional | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5/11 |