TABLE 4.

The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) assessment for the incidence of periodontal disease on Sjogren’s syndrome subjects.

Outcome	No. of studies	Study design	Certainty assessment					OR (WMD) [95% CI]	Certainty
			Risk of bias	Inconsistency	Indirectness	Imprecision	Other considerations
Incidence of periodontal disease	5	Observational study	Not serious	Serious	Not serious	Not serious	None	OR = 2.12, 95% CI = 1.43–3.17	⊕⊕ LOW
BOP	7	Observational study	Not serious	Serious	Not serious	Not serious	None	WMD = 9.62, 95% CI = 3.43–15.80	⊕ VERY LOW
PI	12	Observational study	Not serious	Serious	Not serious	Serious	None	WMD = 0.15, 95% CI = −0.00–0.30	⊕ VERY LOW
GI	10	Observational study	Not serious	Serious	Not serious	Not serious	None	WMD = 0.28, 95% CI = 0.04–0.51	⊕ VERY LOW
PPD	12	Observational study	Not serious	Serious	Not serious	Serious	None	WMD = 0.22, 95% CI = −0.19–0.63	⊕ VERY LOW
CAL	6	Observational study	Not serious	Serious	Not serious	Serious	None	WMD = 0.40, 95% CI = −0.00–0.81	⊕ VERY LOW

OR, odds ratio; WMD, weighted mean difference.