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Markers for kidney injury including kidney weight (A), serum creatinine (B), creatinine clearance (C), and NGAL release (D) among four groups of rats at 12 weeks, and NGAL release (E) in MSG-withdrawal group at different time-point during the 12 weeks of the study. Data are shown as mean ± SEM and p-values are calculated by one-way ANOVA with post-hoc LSD tests (*p < 0.05). Control group (n=7), L-MSG group (n=8), M-MSG group (n=8), H-MSG group (n=8).
