TABLE 4.
Association Between Daily Biomarker Measures and Delirium Severity (Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU-7) Observed the Following Day for Those Discharged Alive Versus Those Dieda
| Discharged Alive (n = 102) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | C-Reactive Protein | d-Dimer | Ferritin | |||
| Estimate se | p | Estimate se | p | Estimate se | p | |
| Age | 0.004 (0.01) | 0.695 | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.495 | 0.004 (0.01) | 0.732 |
| Race | ||||||
| White | 0.75 (0.65) | 0.253 | 0.62 (0.72) | 0.390 | 0.65 (0.68) | 0.348 |
| Black | –0.27 (0.64) | 0.671 | –0.20 (0.72) | 0.779 | –0.33 (0.68) | 0.628 |
| Hispanic | 0.04 (0.63) | 0.953 | 0.04 (0.70) | 0.953 | –0.08 (0.67) | 0.900 |
| Other (reference) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |||
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 0.23 (0.26) | 0.380 | 0.30 (0.28) | 0.288 | 0.29 (0.28) | 0.315 |
| Severity of illness and comorbidities | ||||||
| APACHE-II | 0.09 (0.01) | < 0.001 | 0.09 (0.01) | < 0.001 | 0.09 (0.01) | < 0.001 |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index | 0.18 (0.09) | 0.055 | 0.17 (0.10) | 0.097 | 0.16 (0.09) | 0.097 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 2.19 (0.22) | < 0.001 | 2.42 (0.22) | < 0.001 | 2.32 (0.21) | < 0.001 |
| Hypertension | –0.64 (0.31) | 0.043 | –0.53 (0.33) | 0.114 | –0.49 (0.32) | 0.130 |
| Time, d | 0.10 (0.04) | 0.004 | 0.08 (0.04) | 0.028 | 0.08 (0.03) | 0.019 |
| Time period | 1.57 (0.62) | 0.012 | 1.37 (0.63) | 0.030 | 1.68 (0.60) | 0.006 |
| Biomarker quartile | 0.30 (0.07) | < 0.001 | –0.02 (0.08) | 0.797 | 0.13 (0.09) | 0.158 |
| Interaction (time [d]a period of first 7 d vs second 7 d) | –0.24 (0.07) | 0.001 | –0.23 (0.07) | 0.001 | –0.26 (0.07) | < 0.001 |
| Discharged Deceased (n = 43) | ||||||
| Variable | C-Reactive Protein | d-Dimer | Ferritin | |||
| Estimate se | p | Estimate se | p | Estimate se | p | |
| Age | –0.02 (0.02) | 0.516 | –0.02 (0.02) | 0.337 | –0.02 (0.02) | 0.492 |
| Race | ||||||
| White | –0.44 (0.85) | 0.605 | –0.48 (0.90) | 0.597 | –0.55 (0.87) | 0.533 |
| Black | –0.49 (0.79) | 0.542 | –0.51 (0.86) | 0.561 | –0.55 (0.82) | 0.508 |
| Hispanic | –0.34 (0.99) | 0.729 | –0.57 (1.09) | 0.602 | –0.47 (1.03) | 0.649 |
| Other (reference) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |||
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | –0.06 (0.43) | 0.888 | –0.16 (0.45) | 0.725 | –0.16 (0.44) | 0.725 |
| Severity of illness and comorbidities | ||||||
| APACHE-II | 0.07 (0.01) | < 0.001 | 0.04 (0.01) | < 0.001 | 0.07 (0.01) | < 0.0001 |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index | 0.04 (0.13) | 0.765 | 0.02 (0.13) | 0.890 | 0.04 (0.13) | 0.772 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 1.33 (0.35) | 0.000 | 1.19 (0.24) | < 0.001 | 1.07 (0.32) | 0.001 |
| Hypertension | –0.56 (0.53) | 0.299 | –0.44 (0.55) | 0.430 | –0.63 (0.53) | 0.242 |
| Time, d | 0.04 (0.04) | 0.339 | 0.02 (0.03) | 0.453 | 0.01 (0.04) | 0.781 |
| Time period | 0.71 (0.57) | 0.208 | 0.49 (0.38) | 0.203 | 0.29 (0.54) | 0.596 |
| Biomarker quartile | –0.02 (0.07) | 0.813 | 0.05 (0.08) | 0.539 | 0.05 (0.09) | 0.625 |
| Interaction (time [d]a period of first 7 d vs second 7 d) | –0.07 (0.06) | 0.286 | –0.06 (0.04) | 0.178 | –0.01 (0.06) | 0.832 |
APACHE = Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation.
a
Mixed-effects models adjusting for APACHE-II calculated on day of coma/delirium assessment.