Table 3.

Antihypertensive activities of Ethiopian medicinal plants.

Species	Family	Plant parts used	Extracts	Models used	Effects	Ref
Thymus schimperi		Leaves	Aqueous (250, 500, 750 and 1000 mg/kg)	Male Wistar rats	At 500 mg/kg, the extract had the highest diuretic index. Greater doses of T. schimperi (500 mg/kg) and the standard drug captopril (20 mg/kg/day) significantly (p < 0.01) reduced SBP when compared to the salt-sucrose group	[72]
Moringa stenopetala	Moringaceae	Leaves	Aqueous and 70% ethanol (250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg)	Male Wistar rats	When compared to the positive and normal control groups, which received captopril (20 mg/kg/day) and distilled water (adlibitum), the highest daily oral dose of AQ crude extract (1000 mg/kg) significantly reduced SBP, MAP, and DBP rises. At the highest dose of 70% EtOH crude extract, SBP, MAP, and DBP all significantly lowered	[73]
		Leaves	Aqueous (10, 20, 30, and 40 mg/kg)	Guinea pigs	SBP, DBP, and MABP in normotensive anesthetized Guinea pigs declined significantly	[67]
		Leaves	Aqueous (62.5, 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg) and hot tea infusion	Male Wistar rats	The diuretic, natriuretic, and kaliuretic effects of both the aqueous crude extract and the hot tea infusion of the leaves are significant (p < 0.01). The strongest diuretic efficacy was found in the aqueous crude extract (125 mg/kg) and hot tea infusion (2 tsp), which were comparable to the reference drug furosemide (10 mg/kg)	[74]
		Leaves	Aqueous crude, 70% ethanol crude (1.25, 2.5, 5, and 10 mg/mL)	In vitro (thoracic aortic ring of a Guinea pig)	In pre-contracted isolated entire, spirally cut thoracic aortic strips of Guinea pigs, both extracts had a relaxing (vasodilatory) effect in a dose-dependent manner	[75]
Calpurnia aurea	Fabaceae	Seed	Methanol (15, 30, and 45 mg/kg)	Sprague-Dawley rats	In renal hypertensive and normotensive rats, blood pressure (SBP, DBP, and MABP) reduced dose-dependently and significantly after treatment	[76]
Syzygium guineense	Myrtaceae	Leaves	Methanol (50, 100, and 150 mg/kg)	Sprague-Dawley rats	SBP, MAP, and DBP all decreased significantly at the maximum dose of crude extract. At a concentration of 5–70 mg/mL, the extract elicited a dose-dependent relaxation of the aorta pre-contracted with KCl, with a maximal relaxation of 56.22% at the 70 mg/mL concentration	[77]
Otostegia integrifolia	Lamiaceae	Leaves	Methanol (250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg)	Sprague-Dawley rats	In a dose-dependent manner, blood pressure was significantly reduced. At a concentration of 6.25–125 μg/L, the extract elicited a dose-dependent relaxation of the aortic strip pre-contracted with KCl, with a maximal relaxation (100 percent) achieved at a cumulative concentration of 318.75 μg/ml	[78]
Satureja punctata	Lamiaceae	Aerial parts	Aqueous (10, 20 and 30 mg/kg)	Guinea pig	SBP, DBP, and MABP all decreased in a dose-dependent manner when compared to baseline hypertensive BP. At concentrations ranging from 2.5 to 40 mg/ml, the extract caused a dose-dependent relaxation of the aorta pre-contracted with KCl, with a maximal relaxation of 98.19% achieved at 40 mg/ml	[79]