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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Feb 13.
Published in final edited form as: J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2022 Aug 13;33(1):21–31. doi: 10.1038/s41370-022-00462-5

Table 3.

Individual surveys: demographic characteristics and outage experience

Experienced power outage lasting 24+ hours in past year
Overall, n = 1,038 No, n = 493 Yes, n = 545
n (%) n (%) n (%) p-value

Gender 0.3a
Man 494 (47.6) 242 (49) 252 (46.2)
Woman 538 (51.8) 250 (50.8) 288 (52.8)
Gender not listed above 6(0.6) 1 (0.2) 5(0.9)

Primary racial or ethnic identity 0.008a
American Indian or Alaskan Native 8(0.8) 4 (0.8) 4(0.7)
Asian 50 (4.8) 26 (5.3) 24 (4.4)
Black or African American 121 (12) 40 (8.1) 81 (15)
Hispanic or Latino 233 (22) 104 (21) 129 (24)
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander 5 (0.5) 2 (0.4) 3 (0.6)
White or Caucasian 609 (59) 314(64) 295 (54)
Other 9(0.9) 3 (0.6) 6 (1.1)

Age group 0.002b
18–24 154 (14.9) 63 (12.8) 91 (16.7)
25–34 228 (22) 97 (19.7) 131 (24)
35–44 200 (19.2) 97 (19.7) 103 (18.9)
45–54 157 (15.1) 68 (13.8) 89 (16.3)
55–64 171 (16.5) 86 (17.5) 85 (15.6)
65 or older 128 (12.3) 81 (16.5) 47 (8.6)

Education 0.13b
Less than high school diploma 46 (4.4) 24 (4.9) 22 (4.0)
High school degree or equivalent (e.g., GED) 233 (22.5) 127 (25.8) 106 (19.4)
Some college, no degree 280 (27) 123 (24.9) 157 (28.8)
Associate degree (e.g., AA, AS) 108 (10.4) 49 (10) 59 (10.8)
Bachelor’s degree or more 371 (35.4) 170 (34.6) 201 (36.9)

Urban/rural classification 0.048b
Rural 171 (16.5) 93 (18.9) 78 (14.3)
Urban 867 (83.5) 400 (81.1) 467 (85.7)

Someone in household relies on electricity dependent DME <0.001b
No 855 (82.4) 429 (87.2) 426 (78.2)
Yes 166 (16) 58 (11.8) 108 (19.3)
Do not know 16 (1.5) 5 (1.0) 11 (2.0)

K-6 distress scale score <0.001b
Less than 13 746 (79) 378 (83) 368 (74)
13 or higher 203 (21) 76 (17) 127 (26)
a

Fishers exact test

b

Pearson’s Chi-squared test