TABLE 2.
COVID‐19‐related impact on eating disorder symptoms early on and 1 year into the pandemic
| Item In the past two weeks, I have… | Country | % “frequently” or “daily or more” | McNemar test | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | T2 | Conclusion | Statistics | |||||
| n (%) | n (%) | df, n | χ 2 | p | q | |||
| Group 1: Actively ill or lingering symptoms at T1 (US n = 121; NL n = 198; SE n = 457) | ||||||||
| … binged on food more | US | 18 (14) | 14 (11) | – | – | |||
| NL | 29 (15) | 26 (13) | NS | 1, 198 | .2 | .7 | .8 | |
| SE | 50 (11) | 50 (11) | NS | 1, 446 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
| … restricted my intake more | US | 61 (50) | 25 (20) | T1 > T2 | 1, 120 | 24.5 | 7.4 × 10 −7 | 5.2 × 10 −6 |
| NL | 86 (43) | 21 (11) | T1 > T2 | 1, 198 | 56.1 | 6.8 × 10 −14 | 7.5 × 10 −13 | |
| SE | 75 (17) | 63 (14) | NS | 1, 446 | .9 | .4 | .8 | |
| … engaged more in compensatory behaviors | US | 53 (44) | 29 (24) | T1 > T2 | 1, 120 | 13.9 | 2.0 × 10 −4 | 2.8 × 10 −4 |
| NL | 79 (40) | 38 (19) | T1 > T2 | 1, 198 | 24.6 | 7.0 × 10 −7 | 1.9 × 10 −6 | |
| SE | 53 (12) | 53 (12) | NS | 1, 446 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
| … felt anxious about not being able to exercise | US | 72 (59) | 46 (38) | T1 > T2 | 1, 120 | 14.9 | 1.0 × 10 −4 | 1.8 × 10 −4 |
| NL | – | 56 (28) | – | – | ||||
| SE | 165 (36) | 153 (34) | NS | 1, 446 | .6 | .4 | .8 | |
| Group 1a: Actively ill at both T1 and T2 (US n = 49; NL n = 89; SE n = 80) | ||||||||
| … binged on food more | US | 7 (14) | 4 (8) | – | – | |||
| NL | 15 (17) | 14 (16) | – | – | ||||
| SE | 17 (21) | 22 (28) | – | – | ||||
| … restricted my intake more | US | 35 (72) | 9 (18) | T1 > T2 | 1, 48 | 22.3 | 2.3 × 10 −6 | 8.1 × 10 −6 |
| NL | 50 (56) | 15 (17) | T1 > T2 | 1, 89 | 28.2 | 1.1 × 10 −7 | 4.0 × 10 −7 | |
| SE | 21 (26) | 21 (26) | – | – | ||||
| … engaged more in compensatory behaviors | US | 34 (70) | 13 (26) | T1 > T2 | 1, 48 | 19.0 | 1.3 × 10 −5 | 3.3 × 10 −5 |
| NL | 46 (52) | 28 (32) | T1 > T2 | 1, 89 | 8.5 | .004 | .007 | |
| SE | 20 (25) | 20 (25) | – | – | ||||
| … felt anxious about not being able to exercise | US | 33 (68) | 24 (49) | – | – | |||
| NL | – | 33 (37) | – | – | ||||
| SE | 30 (38) | 32 (40) | – | – | ||||
Note: The McNemar test was not performed (−‐) when the number of discordant pairs was <20 or due to unavailable data. Differences between two time points are indicated by a bold font (q < .05). For these items, no responses were missing in US, no responses were missing in NL, and nine were missing in SE (Group 1).
Abbreviations: NL, Netherlands; NS, nonsignificant; SE, Sweden; US, United States.