Table 1:
Patient Characteristics by Clinician-Assigned SCAI Shock Stage in patients with CS
| Characteristics | SCAI Stage C (N=778) | SCAI Stage D (N=433) | SCAI Stage E (N=129) | p-trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Age, years | 65 (55–74) | 66 (57–74) | 67 (60–75) | 0.27 |
| Female | 253 (32.5) | 148 (34.2) | 50 (38.8) | 0.18 |
| White | 444 (64.0) | 276 (74.4) | 68 (59.6) | 0.28 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 27.1 (23.7–31.7) | 27.6 (23.7–32.4) | 27.9 (24.7–32.1) | 0.16 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Hypertension | 475 (61.1) | 258 (59.6) | 77 (59.7) | 0.63 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 300 (38.6) | 160 (37.0) | 56 (43.4) | 0.62 |
| Current smoker | 128 (16.5) | 67 (15.5) | 23 (17.8) | 0.96 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 228 (29.3) | 108 (24.9) | 30 (23.3) | 0.06 |
| Dialysis dependent | 29 (12.7) | 21 (19.4) | 8 (26.7) | 0.02 |
| Coronary artery disease | 284 (36.5) | 155 (35.8) | 40 (31.0) | 0.30 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 69 (8.9) | 28 (6.5) | 9 (7.0) | 0.19 |
| Peripheral artery disease | 73 (9.4) | 41 (9.5) | 11 (8.5) | 0.84 |
| Prior heart failure | 436 (56.0) | 227 (52.4) | 42 (32.6) | <0.001 |
| Severe valvular disease | 129 (16.6) | 71 (16.4) | 16 (12.4) | 0.35 |
| Pulmonary hypertension | 69 (8.9) | 38 (8.8) | 9 (7.0) | 0.58 |
| Significant pulmonary disease | 99 (12.7) | 57 (13.2) | 20 (15.5) | 0.45 |
| Significant liver disease | 20 (2.6) | 6 (1.4) | 2 (1.6) | 0.20 |
| Illness Severity | ||||
| Total Day 1 SOFA Score | 7.0 (5.0–9.0) | 9.0 (6.0–12.0) | 11.0 (9.0–13.0) | <0.001 |
| IABP SHOCK-II Score | 2.0 (1.0–3.0) | 2.0 (1.0–3.0) | 3.0 (2.0–4.0) | <0.001 |
| Preceding cardiac arrest | 169 (21.7) | 128 (29.6) | 78 (60.5) | <0.001 |
| ICU Resource Utilization | ||||
| Mechanical ventilation | 330 (42.4) | 297 (68.6) | 118 (91.5) | <0.001 |
| Renal replacement therapy | 89 (11.4) | 107 (24.7) | 25 (19.4) | <0.001 |
| Pulmonary Artery Catheterization | 345 (44.3) | 277 (64.0) | 46 (35.7) | 0.04 |
| # of vasopressors/inotropes | 1.0 (1.0–2.0) | 2.0 (2.0–3.0) | 3.0 (2.0–4.0) | <0.001 |
| ≥2 agents | 344 (44.4) | 357 (83.0) | 111 (86.7) | <0.001 |
| VIS @ 4h | 4.0 (2.0–7.5) | 10.0 (4.0–28.5) | 33.7 (10.0–80.0) | <0.001 |
| VIS @ 24h | 3.0 (0.0–6.5) | 10.9 (3.6–24.1) | 14.0 (2.0–45.0) | <0.001 |
| Mechanical Circulatory Support | ||||
| Overall use | 219 (28.1) | 251 (58.0) | 58 (45.0) | <0.001 |
| IABP | 141 (64.4) | 173 (68.9) | 19 (32.8) | 0.005 |
| Advanced MCSa | 96 (43.8) | 129 (51.4) | 48 (82.8) | <0.001 |
| >1 MCS device | 23 (10.5) | 78 (31.1) | 18 (31.0) | <0.001 |
| Within 24h from admission | 113 (51.6) | 140 (55.8) | 42 (72.4) | 0.01 |
| Baseline Lab Indicators | ||||
| Lactate (mmol/L) | 2.8 (1.8–4.9) | 3.4 (2.1–6.5) | 8.0 (3.9–11.2) | <0.001 |
| eGFR <45 mL/min/1.732 | 439 (56.4) | 258 (59.6) | 78 (60.9) | 0.16 |
| pH ≤7.2 | 77 (12.4) | 83 (22.1) | 55 (44.0) | <0.001 |
All values represent n (%) for categorical measures and median (25–75th percentile) for continuous measures.
a
Advanced MCS includes Impella, TandemHeart, VA-ECMO, or surgical ventricular assist device.
Abbreviations: ALT = alanine aminotransferase; BMI = body mass index; eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate; h = hour; IABP = intra-aortic balloon pump; IABP SHOCK-II = intra-aortic balloon pump in cardiogenic shock II; MCS = mechanical circulatory support; SOFA = sequential organ failure assessment; VIS = vasoactive-inotropic score.