Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the participants stratified by heart failure (HF) status in the US Cohort (GeneBank) (n=3256)
| Characteristics | All participants (n=3256) | Participants without HF (n=2544) | Participants with HF (n=712) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean ± SD, years | 62.8±10.8 | 61.9±10.8 | 66.1±10.5 | <0.001 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 2091 (64.2) | 1670 (65.6) | 421 (59.1) | <0.01 |
| Current smoking, n (%) | 435 (13.4) | 354 (13.9) | 81 (11.4) | 0.092 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 132.0 (119.0-146.0) | 133.0 (120.0-147.0) | 130.0 (116.0-145.0) | <0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 74.0 (67.0-82.0) | 76.0 (68.0-83.0) | 71.0 (63.0-80.0) | <0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 28.7 (25.6-32.5) | 28.7 (25.7-32.4) | 28.1 (25.1-32.9) | 0.20 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 1031 (31.7) | 744 (29.2) | 287 (40.3) | <0.001 |
| CAD, n (%) | 2494 (76.7) | 1909 (75.1) | 585 (82.2) | <0.001 |
| HDL, mg/dL | 34.1 (28.2-41.1) | 34.6 (28.7-41.4) | 31.7 (26.0-39.7) | <0.001 |
| LDL, mg/dL | 96. 0(78.0-118.0) | 98.0 (80.0-119.0) | 91.0 (72.8-112.0) | <0.001 |
| TG, mg/dL | 119.0 (86.0-171.0) | 119.0 (85.0-174.0) | 118.5 (87.0-165.0) | 0.49 |
| hs-CRP, mg/L | 2.47 (1.08-6.03) | 2.22 (0.97-5.36) | 3.90 (1.57-9.01) | <0.001 |
| LVEF, % | 55.0 (45.0-60.0) | 55.0 (50.0-65.0) | 40.0 (25.0-55.0) | <0.001 |
| NT-proBNP, pg/mL | 239.3 (88.3-742.2) | 175.2 (71.8-453.5) | 895.0 (348.8-2040.2) | <0.001 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 91.2 (76.4-100.2) | 93.1 (80.6-101.3) | 79.8 (61.5-94.3) | <0.001 |
The cohort is comprised of sequential stable subjects without evidence of acute coronary syndrome (cardiac troponin I< 0.03 ng/mL) who underwent elective diagnostic coronary angiography (cardiac catheterization or coronary computed tomography) for evaluation of coronary artery disease (CAD).
Continuous data are presented as median (interquartile range or 25th percentile - 75th percentile), categorical variables are presented as %; BMI = body mass index HDL = high-density lipoprotein; LDL= low-density lipoprotein; TG = triglyceride; hs-CRP = high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction; NT-proBNP = N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide; eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate.
The Wilcoxon–rank sum test or Welch two sample t-test for continuous variables and the χ2 test for categorical variables were used to determine significant difference between groups.
Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (mL/min per 1.73 m2) is calculated on the basis of the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration 2021 CKD-EPI Creatinine equation 16.