Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of the participants stratified by heart failure (HF) status in the European Cohort (LipidCardio) (n=829)
| Characteristics | All participants (n=829) | Participants without HF (n=276) | Participants with HF (n=553) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean ± SD, years | 72.8±10.9 | 66.2±10.5 | 76.1±9.5 | <0.001 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 582 (70.2) | 170 (61.6) | 412 (74.3) | <0.001 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 140 (16.9) | 71 (25.7) | 69 (12.5) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 667 (80.4) | 207 (75.0) | 460 (83.2) | <0.01 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 231 (27.9) | 57 (20.7) | 174 (31.5) | <0.01 |
| CAD, n (%) | 573 (69.1) | 113 (40.9) | 460 (83.6) | <0.001 |
| HDL, mg/dL | 48.0 (39.0-60.0) | 51.0 (40.0-63.0) | 47.0 (39.0-58.0) | 0.012 |
| LDL, mg/dL | 92.0 (69.0-122.0) | 104.0 (77.0-134.0) | 87.0 (66.0-114.0) | <0.001 |
| TG, mg/dL | 118.0 (89.0-167.0) | 120.0 (91.0-166.0) | 117.0 (89.0-167.0) | 0.77 |
| hs-CRP, mg/L | 1.9 (0.8-5.1) | 1.6 (0.8-3.75) | 2.1 (0.8-5.6) | 0.059 |
| LVEF, % | 60.0 (52.0-66.0) | 65.0 (62.0-70.3) | 56.0 (48.0-63.0) | <0.001 |
| NT-proBNP, pg/mL | 313.0 (108.0-1024.0) | 126.0 (57.0-358.5) | 501.0 (173.0-1421.0) | <0.001 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 74.0 (60.3-90.7) | 84.7 (67.0-95.8) | 69.0 (56.8-85.6) | <0.001 |
The cohort is comprised of sequential stable subjects without evidence of acute coronary syndrome (cardiac troponin I< 0.03 ng/mL) who underwent elective diagnostic coronary angiography (cardiac catheterization or coronary computed tomography) for evaluation of coronary artery disease (CAD).
Continuous data are presented as median (interquartile range or 25th percentile - 75th percentile), categorical variables are presented as %; HDL = high-density lipoprotein; LDL = low-density lipoprotein; TG = triglyceride; hs-CRP = high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction; NT-proBNP = N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide; eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate.
The Wilcoxon–rank sum test or Welch two sample t-test for continuous variables and the χ2 test for categorical variables were used to determine significant difference between groups.
Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (mL/min per 1.73 m2) is calculated on the basis of the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration 2021 CKD-EPI Creatinine equation16.